Strategies and Implications of Vietnam's Response to CPTPP Provisions on State-owned Enterprises
CPTPP is the first free trade agreement to put forward more comprehensive"disciplinary requirements"for state-owned enterprises(SOEs)to participate in international trade and investment activities,among which the SOE provisions mainly cover aspects such as definition and coverage,non-discriminatory treatment and commercial considerations,courts and adminis-trative agencies,non-commercial assistance,transparency,dispute settlement,and exception clauses.Vietnam formally joined the CPTPP in 2018,hoping to push forward the reform of its domestic economic system through high-standard provisions,especially the reform of SOEs.After the end of the war with France in 1954,the SOE reform in Vietnam experienced four development stages:the establishment of direct government management of the SOE sector during the planned economy period,the granting of operational autonomy to SOEs during the renovation and opening up period,the supervision of SOEs according to laws and regulations during the opening up period,and the reform of SOEs forced by active participation in the free trade agreement pe-riod.After the formal entry into force of the CPTPP,Vietnam actively revised the Enterprise Law,accelerated the reform of SOEs'demutualization,established the SOE information disclosure system,fought for a longer transition period and retained a longer exemption list,actively adapted the CPTPP SOE provisions,and vigorously promoted the domestic SOE reform process.Vietnam is a developing country among CPTPP parties and the only country with a market economy in transition,which has simi-larities with China in terms of SOEs.Therefore,China can learn from Vietnam's strategy for dealing with CPTPP SOE provisions and actively seek to align rules and deepen the SOE reform from the aspects of perfecting a unified SOE reform system,adhering to the classification idea to further promote SOE reform,improving the SOE information disclosure system,striving for a longer reform transition period in the negotiation process,and using exception clauses to reduce the scope of constrained SOEs.
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