AIM: To evaluate the biocompatibility of domestic mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and determine whether this new material complies with the related Bio-safety Standards. METHODS: The surface microtopograph of the new material (domestic MTA) was observed through scanning electron microscope (SEM); Cell relative growth rate(RGR) measured by MTT methods was used as quantitative assessment for cytotoxicity of the biomaterial, and compared with imported MTA; SEM was used to characterize surface microtopograph of osteoblast cells attach and proliferate on the material. RESULTS: The result of MTT indicated that there was obviously significant difference between the domestic group and imported MTA group (P < 0.05), their cytotoxicity were both at grade 1. Osteoblast cells spread well on the material, could successfully be adhered to the material and proliferate. CONCLUSION: The new material(domestic MTA) shows good biocompatibility.