AIM: To give some suggestions about the reasonable use of drug-eluting stents ( DES) and bare metal stents ( BMS) , through analyzing the overuse of DES in China from the point of social economics. METHODS: Evaluate the cost-effectiveness of DES from the decreased rate of the target vessel revascularization ( TVR) compared with BMS and the residents' ability of paying for medical cost according to the average personal income in 2006, published by National Statistics Department. RESULTS: With the number of DES and the different social medical insurance, the increased medical cost was equal to 0.80-1.32 times of urban per capita disposable income for the urban employees with the basic medical insurance and 7. 03-12. 20 times of rural per capita net income for the fanners with the new rural cooperatives medical care. According to the different TVR rate decreased, the number of DES implanted and social medical insurance, the urban employees and the farmers had to pay $9 720-59 500 RMB and $38 000-205 833 RMB to avoid per TVR. CONCLUSION: BMS should be used more in clinical practice under our present health care system and the residents' ability of paying for medical cost.