摘要
历史时期木材遗存是研究过去环境、气候、社会经济状况以及古人地关系的重要材料.本研究对苏北地区(连云港海州区体育馆二期)5座唐宋时期墓葬的棺椁木进行树种鉴定,并探究其树木年代学研究的应用潜力.经鉴定,墓葬中的棺板样品均为杉木,但这一时期杉木的分布北界可能未到达海州地区(现连云港).杉木能够成为该地区棺椁木制作的重要树种,可能得益于唐宋时期京杭大运河的发展带来的便利水运条件,降低了木料运输成本;同时这种对较大树龄杉木的开发利用,也反映了唐宋时期长江流域原始杉木林的存在.本研究还基于树木年代学方法对部分杉板进行交叉定年,采用6条序列建立晚唐五代时期238年树轮宽度浮动序列,13条序列建立412年北宋时期的树轮宽度浮动年表.这些样本间的一致性与平均敏感度较高,表明棺木树轮样本可用于树木年代学研究,为将来建立该气候区的树轮长年表奠定基础.
Abstract
Wooden remains from historical periods serve as crucial materials for studying past environments,climates,socio-economic conditions,and the relationships between ancient peoples and their geography.This study focuses on the wooden coffins from the ancient tomb complex located in the Haizhou District Gymnasium(34°33′51.17″N,119°09′46.38″E),Phase Ⅱ,Lianyungang City,Jiangsu Province.Through comprehensive analysis based on the tombs'construction,stratigraphic relationships,and accompanying artifacts,it was discovered that the tombs span from the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Qing Dynasty,predominantly from the Late Tang,Five Dynasties to the Song Dynasty.Notably,the coffins from the Late Tang,Five Dynasties(M1,M23)and Northern Song Dynasty(M10,M12,M32)tombs were well-preserved.Eighteen coffin boards from these five coffins were selected for wood species identification using wood anatomy methods,revealing that all samples from the Tang and Song periods were made of fir.However,the northern boundary of fir distribution during the Tang and Song periods might not have extended to the Haizhou area(present-day Lianyungang),suggesting that the fir may have been transported via timber shipping trade from the richly forested mountains of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,facilitated by the convenient water transport conditions provided by the development of the Grand Canal,thus becoming an important wood type for coffin manufacturing in the region.Additionally,the exploitation of fir trees over 200 years old reflects the existence of primary fir forests in the Yangtze River basin during the Tang and Song periods.Moreover,the study applied dendrochronological methods to some fir boards,establishing a 238-year tree-ring width chronology for the Late Tang and Five Dynasties period and a 412-year chronology for the Northern Song period using six and thirteen sequences,respectively.The high consistency and mean sensitivity among these samples indicate that the coffin tree-ring samples are suitable for dendrochronological research,laying a foundation for establishing a millennial tree-ring chronology and analyzing the fine processes of ancient climate evolution in China's subtropical regions.This research provides a significant window into the study of the coupling relationship between regional climate environmental evolution and human adaptation.
基金项目
中国科学院(B类)战略性先导科技专项项目(XDB26020000)
国家自然科学基金项目(41888101)
国家自然科学基金项目(41971022)
国家自然科学基金项目(42101082)
国家自然科学基金项目(41822101)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据