中低运量轨道交通作为超大或特大城市地铁网络的加密和补充、大城市乃至中等城市的骨干线路,在解决城市交通问题方面发挥着重要作用.在对65个国家496座城市的2 600余条中低运量轨道交通运营线路调研的基础上,构建世界中低运量轨道交通线路数据库.基于该数据库,得到世界范围内运营的齿轨、有轨电车、悬挂式单轨、自动旅客捷运系统(automated people mover system,APM)、跨座式单轨、直线电机系统、中低速磁浮、电子导向胶轮系统和导轨式胶轮系统9种中低运量轨道交通制式,线路里程共18 744.84 km;并统计中低运量轨道交通在各大洲、各国家的分布情况,结果显示其主要分布在欧洲的德国、俄罗斯等32个国家,线路里程达13 256.0km,占比70.7％;统计各制式在不同国家/城市、不同城市特征、不同线路功能定位的分布情况,结果显示,中低运量轨道交通制式主要服务于人口小于300万的城市,76.25％的有轨电车线路、47.82％的跨座式单轨线路和42.11％的直线电机系统线路作为骨干线,84.62％的齿轨线路作为旅游线,70.73％的APM线路作为机场专线.同时,梳理总结各制式的起源与发展,并对技术特点和参数、适用性进行分析.研究成果以期为我国城市中低运量轨道交通制式的选择提供参考.
Development and Applicability Analysis of Medium-and Low-Volume Rail Transit Systems Worldwide
Medium-and low-volume rail transit,as a supplement to metro networks in super or mega megacities and as the backbone of large and medium-sized cities,is essential for solving urban traffic problems.Based on a survey of more than 2600 medium-and low-volume rail transit operation lines in 496 cities in 65 countries,a database of medium-and low-volume rail transit lines worldwide was constructed.Based on this database,9 types of medium-and low-volume rail transit systems(gear rail,tram,suspended monorail,automated people mover systems(APM),straddle monorails,linear motor systems,medium-and low-speed maglev,electronic guidance rubber-tired system,and beam-guiding rubber-tired system)have been obtained worldwide,with a total length of 18 744.84 km.And statistics were conducted on the distribution of medium-and low-volume rail transit in various continents and countries.The results showed that it is mainly distributed in 32 countries in Europe,including Germany and Russia,with a total length of 13 256.0 km,accounting for 70.7％.Statistics show that the distribution of various rail transit systems in different countries/cities,with different urban characteristics and functional positioning of different lines shows that medium-and low-volume rail transit systems mainly serve cities with a population of less than 3 million.76.25％of tram lines,47.82％of straddle monorail lines,and 42.11％of linear motor system lines are backbone lines,84.62％of gear rail lines are tourist lines,and 70.73％of APM lines are airport dedicated lines.Additionally,the origin and development of each system are summarized,and the technical characteristics,parameters,and applicability of each system are analyzed.The results provide a reference for the selection of urban medium and low-volume rail transit systems in China.
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