Effects of benzocaine on SOD and CAT enzyme activities and some immune gene expression characteristics on the liver and kidney of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, a prominent freshwater aquaculture fish species native to China, holds the second position in terms of production among other freshwater fish.However, due to its pronounced response to stress conditions, such as jumping, the handling and transporting H.molitrix can be challenging and incon-venient.The fish were subjected to varying concentrations of benzocaine solution to ascertain the suitable con-centration of benzocaine for inducing anesthesia in H.molitrix.Subsequently, alterations in the overall superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) activity within the liver and kidney of H.molitrix were assessed, along-side variations in the expression of immunological genes, including IL-10, TNF-α, INF-γ, and IgM, to iden-tify the optimal anesthetic concentration.The experimental findings revealed that a concentration of 28 mg/L of benzocaine was found to be suitable for inducing anesthesia in H.molitrix.Compared to the control group, the expression of IL-10 in the liver of H.molitrix exhibited a significant increase in the experimental groups subjected to 12 hours of anesthesia and 6 hours of resuscitation.Additionally, the expression of TNF-α showed a signifi-cant increase in the experimental group subjected to 1 hour of resuscitation.Furthermore, the expression of INF-γ demonstrated significant changes in the H.molitrix subjected to anesthesia for 6, 9, and 24 hours and re-suscitation for 3 and 6 hours, respectively.The expression of the IgM gene exhibited significant changes in the H.molitrix anesthesia groups at 6, 9, and 24 hours, as well as in the resuscitation groups at 3 and 6 hours.Specifically, there was a significant increase in the expression of the IgM gene in the resuscitation groups at 9, 12, 18, 24 hours, and 6 hours for H.molitrix anesthesia.Additionally, the expression of IL-10, TNF-α, and INF-γ in the kidney of H.molitrix showed a significant decrease in both the anesthesia and resuscitation groups.The expression of the IgM gene exhibited a significant increase in the experimental groups of H.molitrix anesthesia at 9, 12, 18, 24 h, and 6 h resuscitation, respectively.Furthermore, the expression of IL-10, TNF-α, and INF-γ in the kidney of H.molitrix demonstrated a significant decrease in both the anesthesia andand the resuscitation group).Additionally, the expression of the IgM gene displayed a significant increase in the H.molitrix resuscitation 3 h experimental group.The liver and kidney of H.molitrix exhibited significant altera-tions in both anesthetized and resuscitated groups, as evidenced by changes in total SOD activity and CAT ac-tivity.Specifically, T-SOD activity displayed a pattern of initial decrease followed by the subsequent increase in both the liver and kidney of H.molitrix.The CAT exhibited a pattern of initial increase followed by a decrease in the liver of H.molitrix.At the same time, in the kidney it displayed a pattern of initial decrease followed by an increase.These findings suggest that the enzyme activity response to benzocaine varies across different tissues of H.molitrix.This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of the transportation of anesthetics in H.molitrix, the antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver and kidney tissues during anesthesia, and the expres-sion of specific immune genes.
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