To give full play to the flexibility value of virtual power plants,a bi-level stochastic optimization model is proposed for virtual power plants to participate in the wholesale energy and reserve market.The upper level establishes a two-stage risk-averse decision-making model for a virtual power plant based on conditional value at risk to participate in the electricity market.In the first stage,a bidding model for virtual power plants to participate in the energy and reserve market is established,considering the potential risks of new energy uncertainty.In the second stage,a distributed resource optimization scheduling model is established to minimize the expected operating cost of virtual power plants according to the output of new energy under different scenarios.The lower level is the joint market clearing model of the energy and reserve market based on the bidding information of all participants.Simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively guide virtual power plants to avoid the potential risks of new energy uncertainty and increase their profits by increasing the reserve bidding price to the next marginal generation unit.
关键词
虚拟电厂/风险规避/能量市场/备用市场/随机优化
Key words
virtual power plant/risk aversion/energy market/reserve market/stochastic optimization
维普
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