摘要
超大型城市能源系统汇集了多种分布式能源资源(distributed energy resources,DER),包括具备不确定性的新能源发电单元(如光伏、风机),具备可调性的柔性用能单元(如空调、蓄冷)以及兼具充放功能的能源产消者(如电动汽车、储能),虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)已成为重塑上述DER生态关系并对其进行协同管控的有效途径.该文梳理了当前城市级VPP建设的目标与现状,明确了超大型城市VPP工程所面临的挑战,即对于由海量DER所诱发的多主体多目标高不确定性场景缺乏系统性的建模、仿真、推演、分析、决策与校核手段.为应对上述挑战,该文结合城市电网数字化整体架构与建设进程,提出了超大型城市VPP数字孪生技术框架,继而得以对城市能源系统的态势轨迹进行系统性地推演与分析;进一步,聚焦智能决策目标,探究了框架下的技术路径、关键技术、理论工具等.该框架已经助力临港新片区VPP工程示范落地,为城市级VPP建设提供参考.最后,展望了超大型城市下数字孪生VPP的研究方向与应用前景.
Abstract
The energy system of mega-cities encompasses various heterogeneous distributed energy resource units(DERs),including uncertain new distributed generation units(e.g.,photovoltaic,wind turbines),flexible demand-side units(e.g.,air conditioning,thermal energy storage),and energy prosumer(e.g.,electric vehicles,energy storage systems).Virtual Power Plant(VPP)has emerged as an effective aggregation to reshape the energy ecosystem of mega-cities and comprehensively manage those DERs.This paper begins by addressing the construction goals and development status of VPP in mega-cities.It points out the challenges current VPP projects face in dealing with multi-agent,multi-objective,and high-uncertain scenarios.Systematic solutions are lacking,including modeling,simulation,deduction,analysis,decision-making,and validation procedures.To address this challenge,this paper combines the overall digital architecture and construction progress of urban power grids,proposing a framework for the digital twin of VPP(VPP-DT).The VPP-DT framework uses virtual spaces to simulate and analyze various developmental pathways for energy systems.Furthermore,focusing on intelligent decision-making goals,we explore its technical pathways,key technologies,mathematical tools,and more within the framework.The framework has helped the implementation of the VPP project demonstration in Lingang's new area,which provides a reference for the construction of VPP at the city level.Finally,this paper looks forward to the research direction and application prospect of digital twin VPP under megacities.
基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB2401204)
国家自然科学基金项目(52277111)
上海市科学技术委员会项目(21DZ1208300)
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据