Dietary crude protein and protein solubility manipulation enhances intestinal nitrogen absorption and mitigates reactive nitrogen emissions through gut microbiota and metabolome reprogramming in sheep

Zhenbin Zhang ¹Yiquan Sun ²Xinhuang Zhong ²Jun Zhu ²Sihan Yang ²Yalan Gu ³Xiang Yu ²Yue Lu ²Zhiqi Lu ²Xuezhao Sun ⁴Mengzhi Wang¹

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作者信息

1. Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition,College of Animal Science and Technology,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Zhejiang,China;State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China
2. Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition,College of Animal Science and Technology,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Zhejiang,China
3. Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition,College of Animal Science and Technology,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Zhejiang,China;Shanghai Frontan Animal Health Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201502,China
4. AgResearch(Grasslands Research Centre),Palmerston North,4410,New Zealand
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Abstract

Dietary nutrient manipulation(e.g.protein fractions)could lower the environmental footprints of ru-minants,especially reactive nitrogen(N).This study investigated the impacts of dietary soluble protein(SP)levels with decreased crude protein(CP)on intestinal N absorption,hindgut N metabolism,fecal microbiota and metabolites,and their linkage with N metabolism phenotype.Thirty-two male Hu sheep,with an age of six months and an initial BW of 40.37±1.18 kg,were randomly assigned to four dietary groups.The control diet(CON),aligning with NRC standards,maintained a CP content of 16.7％on a dry matter basis.Conversely,the experimental diets(LPA,LPB,and LPC)featured a 10％reduction in CP compared with CON,accompanied by SP adjustments to 21.2％,25.9％,and 29.4％of CP,respectively.Our results showed that low-protein diets led to significant reductions in the concentrations of plasma creatinine,ammonia,urea N,and fecal total short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)(P＜0.05).Notably,LPB and LPC exhibited increased total SCFA and propionate concentrations compared with LPA(P＜0.05).The enrichment of the Prevotella genus in fecal microbiota associated with energy metabolism and amino acid(AA)biosynthesis pathways was evident with SP levels in low-protein diets of approximately 25％to 30％.Moreover,LPB and LPC diets demonstrated a decrease in fecal NH4+-N and NO2--N contents as well as urease activity,compared with CON(P＜0.05).Concomitantly,reductions in fecal glutamic acid de-hydrogenase gene(gdh),nitrite reductase gene(nirS),and nitric oxide reductase gene(norB)abundances were observed(P＜0.05),pointing towards a potential reduction in reactive N production at the source.Of significance,the up-regulation of mRNA abundance of AA and peptide transporters in the small in-testine(duodenum,jejunum,and ileum)and the elevated concentration of plasma AA(e.g.arginine,methionine,aspartate,glutamate,etc.)underscored the enhancement of N absorption and N efficiency.In summary,a 10％reduction in CP,coupled with an SP level of approximately 25％to 30％,demonstrated the potential to curtail reactive N emissions through fecal Prevotella enrichment and improve intestinal energy and N utilization efficiency.

Key words

Soluble protein/Low-protein diet/Nitrogen metabolism/Reactive nitrogen/Fecal microbiota and metabolome/Energy and nitrogen utilization efficiency

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基金项目

Bintuan Science and Technology Program(2023AB078)

Bintuan Agricultural Innovation Project(NCG202232)

China Scholarship Council(202208320271)

Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX22_3532)

Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(SJCX23_1991)

Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD),China()

出版年

2024

动物营养(英文)

CSTPCD

ISSN：

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