首页期刊导航|动物营养（英文）
期刊信息/Journal information
动物营养（英文）
动物营养（英文）
动物营养（英文）/Journal Animal NutritionCSCDCSTPCD北大核心SCI
正式出版
收录年代

    Microencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum promotes intestinal development through gut colonization of layer chicks

    Yaoming CuiYanxia LiuJing YangHaitao Duan...
    1-16页
    查看更多>>摘要：The effects of Lactobacillus plantarum in microencapsulation(LPM)on intestinal development in layer chicks were investigated in this study,as well as the colonization of L.plantarum in the gut.A total of 480 healthy Hy-Line Brown layer chicks at 0 d old were randomly divided into 4 groups(8 replicates each treatment),and the diets of these birds were supplemented with nothing(control),L.plantarum(0.02 g/kg feed;109 CFU/kg feed),LPM(1.0 g/kg feed;109 CFU/kg feed)and wall material of LPM(WM;0.98 g/kg feed),respectively.Compared to control,LPM improved growth performance and intestinal development of layer chicks,evidenced by significantly increased body weight,average daily gain,average daily feed intake,villus height,villus height/crypt depth,as well as weight and length of the duodenum,jejunum and ileum(P＜0.05).These results could be attributed to the increased colonization of L.plantarum in the gut,which was verified by significant increases in lactic acid content,viable counts in chyme and mucosa(P＜0.05),as well as a visible rise in number of strains labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate.Mean-while,the relative abundances of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium significantly increased in response to microencapsulated L.plantarum supplementation(P＜0.05),accompanied by the significant up-regulation of colonization related genes(P＜0.05),encoding solute carrier family,monocarboxylate transporter,activin A receptor,succinate receptor and secretogranin Ⅱ.To sum up,microencapsulated L.plantarum supplementation promoted intestinal development,which could be attributed to the enhancement of L.plantarum colonization in the intestine through the mutual assistance of Bifido-bacterium and interactions with colonization related transmembrane proteins.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Rumen microbiota succession throughout the perinatal period and its association with postpartum production traits in dairy cows:A review

    Xiaowei ZhaoYangdong ZhangAshikur RahmanMeiqing Chen...
    17-26页
    查看更多>>摘要：The transition period for dairy cows usually refers to the 3 weeks pre-calving to the 3 weeks post-calving.During this period,dairy cows undergo metabolic and physiological adaptations because of their sus-ceptibility to metabolic and infectious diseases.Poor feeding management under these circumstances may adversely affect the health and subsequent production performance of the cows.Owing to long-term adaptation and evolution,the rumen has become a unique ecosystem inhabited by a complex microbial community closely associated with its natural host.Dietary components are metabolized by the rumen microbiota,and volatile fatty acids and microbial protein products can be used as precursor substances for synthesizing meat and milk components.The successful transition of perinatal dairy cows includes changes in diet,physiology,and the rumen microbiota.Rumen microbial profiles have been confirmed to be heritable and repairable;however,adverse circumstances affect rumen microbial composition,host digestion and metabolism,as well as postpartum production traits of dairy cows for a certain period.Preliminary evidence indicates a close relationship between the rumen microbiota and animal performance.Therefore,changes in rumen microbes during the transition period and the intrinsic links between the microbiota and host postpartum phenotypic traits need to be better understood to optimize production performance in ruminants.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Aflatoxin B1 decreased flesh flavor and inhibited muscle development in grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)

    Xiang-Ning HeZhen-Zhen ZengWei-Dan JiangPei Wu...
    27-38页
    查看更多>>摘要：In nature,aflatoxins,especially aflatoxin B1(AFB1),are the common mycotoxins,which cause serious health problems for humans and animals.This paper aimed to study the effects of AFB1 on flesh flavor and muscle development of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)and its mechanism.There were 1440 individual fish in total,with 6 treatments and each treatment replicated 3 times.The 6 treatments were fed a control diet with different doses of AFB1(0.04,29.48,58.66,85.94,110.43 and 146.92 μg/kg diet)for 60 d.AFB1 increased myofiber diameter,as well as decreased myofiber density of grass carp muscle(P＜0.05).The contents of free amino acid decreased gradually(P＜0.05)as dietary AFB1 increased in the muscle of grass carp.The levels of reactive oxygen species,malonaldehyde and protein carbonyl(PC)were increased(P＜0.05)with the dietary AFB1 increased.The levels of antioxidant enzyme(glutathione peroxidase,glutathione,glutathione reductase,total antioxidant capacity,anti-superoxide anion,and anti-hydroxyl radical)were decreased(P＜0.05)with the dietary AFB1 increased.In addition,dietary AFB1 decreased the content of collagen,and downregulated the mRNA and protein levels of transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)/Smads signaling pathway in grass carp muscle(P＜0.05).The mRNA and protein levels of myogenic regulatory factors were downregulated in grass carp muscle(P＜0.05).Furthermore,the activities of matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)were increased(P＜0.05),and the protein levels of phosphorylate-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p-p38MAPK),phosphorylate-c-Jun N-terminal kinase,urokinase-type plasminogen activator(uPA),MMP-2 and MMP-9 were upregulated(P＜0.05),but collagen I,laminin β1 and fibronectin were downregulated(P＜0.05)with the dietary AFB1 increased in the muscle of grass carp.Based on the results of this study,we can draw the following conclusion:dietary AFB1 might damage flesh flavor and inhibit the muscle development through MAPK/uPA/MMP/extracellular matrix(ECM)signaling pathway in grass carp.Moreover,the recommended safe limit of AFB1 in feed is no more than 26.77 μg/kg diet according to the PC levels in grass carp muscle.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Effect of changing the proportion of C16∶0 and cis-9 C18∶1 in fat supplements on rumen fermentation,glucose and lipid metabolism,antioxidation capacity,and visceral fatty acid profile in finishing Angus bulls

    Haixin BaiLubo WangModinat Tolani LamboYang Li...
    39-48页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study evaluated the effects of different proportions of palmitic(C16∶0)and oleic(cis-9 C18∶1)acids in fat supplements on rumen fermentation,glucose(GLU)and lipid metabolism,antioxidant function,and visceral fat fatty acid(FA)composition in Angus bulls.The design of the experiment was a ran-domized block design with 3 treatments of 10 animals each.A total of 30 finishing Angus bulls(21±0.5 months)with an initial body weight of 626±69 kg were blocked by weight into 10 blocks,with 3 bulls per block.The bulls in each block were randomly assigned to one of three experimental diets:(1)control diet without additional fat(CON),(2)CON+2.5％palmitic calcium salt(PA;90％C16∶0),(3)CON+2.5％mixed FA calcium salts(MA;60％C16∶0+30％cis-9 C18∶1).Both fat supplements increased C18∶0 and cis-9 C18∶1 in visceral fat(P＜0.05)and up-regulated the expression of liver FA transport protein 5(FATP5;P＜0.001).PA increased the insulin concentration(P＜0.001)and aspartate aminotransferase activity(AST;P=0.030)in bull's blood while reducing the GLU concentration(P=0.009).PA increased the content of triglycerides(TG;P=0.014)in the liver,the content of the C16∶0 in visceral fat(P=0.004),and weight gain(P=0.032),and up-regulated the expression of liver diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2(DGAT2;P＜0.001)and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1(SCD1;P＜0.05).MA increased plasma superoxide dismutase activity(SOD;P=0.011),reduced the concentration of acetate and total volatile FA(VFA)in rumen fluid(P＜0.05),and tended to increase plasma non-esterified FA(NEFA;P=0.069)concentra-tions.Generally,high C16∶0 fat supplementation increased weight gain in Angus bulls and triggered the risk of fatty liver,insulin resistance,and reduced antioxidant function.These adverse effects were alle-viated by partially replacing C16∶0 with cis-9 C18∶1.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    The potential of glutamine supplementation in reduced-crude protein diets for chicken-meat production

    Peter H.SelleShemil P.MacellineMehdi ToghyaniSonia Yun Liu...
    49-56页
    查看更多>>摘要：This review explores the potential of including glutamine,a so-called non-essential amino acid,in the formulation of reduced-crude protein(CP)diets for broiler chickens.There is a precedent for benefits when including glycine and serine in reduced-CP diets.Fundamentally this is due to decreases in non-essential amino acid concentrations in reduced-CP diets-an unavoidable consequence of reducing CP without amino acid supplementation.The situation for glutamine is complicated because analysed dietary concentrations are very rarely provided as standard assays do not differentiate between gluta-mine and glutamate and are reported on a combined basis as glutamic acid.The dietary requirement for glutamic acid is approximately 36.3 g/kg but it is increasingly unlikely that this requirement will be met as dietary CP levels are progressively reduced.Glutamine is an abundant and versatile amino acid and constitutes 50.5 mg/g of whole-body chicken protein and is the dominant free amino acid in systemic plasma where it has been shown to provide 22.6％(139.9 of 620.3 µg/mL)of the total in birds offered 215 g/kg CP,wheat-based diets.In addition to dietary intakes,glutamine biosynthesis is derived mainly from the condensation of glutamate and ammonia(NH3)catalysed by glutamine synthetase,a reaction that is pivotal to NH3 detoxification.Glutamate and NH3 are converted to glutamine by phosphate-dependent glutaminase in the reciprocal reaction;thus,glutamine and glutamate are interchangeable amino acids.However,the rate of glutamine biosynthesis may not be adequate in rapidly growing broiler chickens and exogenous and endogenous glutamine levels are probably insufficient in birds offered reduced-CP diets.The many functional roles of glutamine,including NH3 detoxification and maintenance of acid-base homeostasis,then become relevant.Twenty feeding studies were identified where dietary glutamine supplementation,usually 10 g/kg,was evaluated in birds kept under thermoneutral condi-tions.On balance,the outcomes were positive,but the average dietary CP was 213 g/kg across the twenty feeding studies,which indicates that CP and,in turn,glutamine concentrations would have been adequate.This suggests that glutamine inclusions in reduced-CP diets hold potential and consideration is given to how this may be best confirmed.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Dietary crude protein and protein solubility manipulation enhances intestinal nitrogen absorption and mitigates reactive nitrogen emissions through gut microbiota and metabolome reprogramming in sheep

    Zhenbin ZhangYiquan SunXinhuang ZhongJun Zhu...
    57-71页
    查看更多>>摘要：Dietary nutrient manipulation(e.g.protein fractions)could lower the environmental footprints of ru-minants,especially reactive nitrogen(N).This study investigated the impacts of dietary soluble protein(SP)levels with decreased crude protein(CP)on intestinal N absorption,hindgut N metabolism,fecal microbiota and metabolites,and their linkage with N metabolism phenotype.Thirty-two male Hu sheep,with an age of six months and an initial BW of 40.37±1.18 kg,were randomly assigned to four dietary groups.The control diet(CON),aligning with NRC standards,maintained a CP content of 16.7％on a dry matter basis.Conversely,the experimental diets(LPA,LPB,and LPC)featured a 10％reduction in CP compared with CON,accompanied by SP adjustments to 21.2％,25.9％,and 29.4％of CP,respectively.Our results showed that low-protein diets led to significant reductions in the concentrations of plasma creatinine,ammonia,urea N,and fecal total short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)(P＜0.05).Notably,LPB and LPC exhibited increased total SCFA and propionate concentrations compared with LPA(P＜0.05).The enrichment of the Prevotella genus in fecal microbiota associated with energy metabolism and amino acid(AA)biosynthesis pathways was evident with SP levels in low-protein diets of approximately 25％to 30％.Moreover,LPB and LPC diets demonstrated a decrease in fecal NH4+-N and NO2--N contents as well as urease activity,compared with CON(P＜0.05).Concomitantly,reductions in fecal glutamic acid de-hydrogenase gene(gdh),nitrite reductase gene(nirS),and nitric oxide reductase gene(norB)abundances were observed(P＜0.05),pointing towards a potential reduction in reactive N production at the source.Of significance,the up-regulation of mRNA abundance of AA and peptide transporters in the small in-testine(duodenum,jejunum,and ileum)and the elevated concentration of plasma AA(e.g.arginine,methionine,aspartate,glutamate,etc.)underscored the enhancement of N absorption and N efficiency.In summary,a 10％reduction in CP,coupled with an SP level of approximately 25％to 30％,demonstrated the potential to curtail reactive N emissions through fecal Prevotella enrichment and improve intestinal energy and N utilization efficiency.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Maternal supplementation with mulberry-leaf flavonoids improves the development of skeletal muscle in the offspring of chickens

    Zhenwu HuangHongjian DaiSimeng LiZhe Wang...
    72-83页
    查看更多>>摘要：The development of skeletal muscle is a crucial factor in determining the meat yield and economic benefits of broiler production.Recent research has shown that mulberry leaves and their extracts can be used to significantly improve the growth performance of livestock and poultry.The present study aims to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle development in broiler offspring by dietary mulberry-leaf flavonoids(MLF)supplementation from the perspective of maternal effect theory.A total of 270 Qiling broiler breeder hens were randomly assigned to 3 treatments with different doses of MLF(0,30,60 mg/kg)for 8 weeks before collecting their fertilized eggs.The chicken offspring at 13 and 19 d of embryonic stage,and from 1 to 28 d old after hatching were included in this study.The results showed that maternal supplementation increased the breast muscle weight and body weight of the offspring at the embryo and chick stages(P＜0.05).This was followed by increased cross-sectional area of pectoral muscle fibres at 14 d(P＜0.05).Further determination revealed a tendency towards increased serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1)(P=0.092)and muscle fibre count(P=0.167)at 1 d post-hatching following maternal MLF treatment,while serum uric acid(UA)was decreased at 14 d after hatching(P＜0.05).Moreover,maternal MLF supplementation significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression of the myogenic regulatory factor Myf5 in skeletal muscle at the both embryonic and growth stages(P＜0.05).The relative abundance of the downstream protein of BMPR2,Smad1 and p-Smad1/5/9 in the TGFβ signalling pathway was significantly increased by maternal MLF treatment.Meanwhile,the increased expression of the target protein p-mTOR in the breast muscle of the offspring chicks is in accordance with the improved growth rate of the breast and the body.In conclusion,maternal MLF supplementation can promote muscle protein metabolism and muscle fibre development of chick embryos through upregulation of Myf5 expression and BMP/p-Smad1/5/9 axis,thereby improving growth performance of slow growing broiler.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Dietary fishmeal replacement by Clostridium autoethanogenum protein meal influences the nutritional and sensory quality of turbot(Scophthalmus maximus)via the TOR/AAR/AMPK pathways

    Zezheng QiNan BaiQing LiShihui Pan...
    84-95页
    查看更多>>摘要：Clostridium autoethanogenum protein(CAP)is a promising protein source for aquaculture;however,how CAP influences fish quality is worth extensive research.We randomly allocated 630 turbot with initial body weights of about 180 g into 6 groups,with fishmeal-based control diet or diet with CAP replacing 15％(CAP15),30％(CAP30),45％(CAP45),60％(CAP60),or 75％(CAP75)of fishmeal protein.After a 70-d feeding trial,the fillet yield(P=0.015)and content of protein(P=0.017),collagen(P＜0.001),hy-droxyproline(P＜0.001),C20:5n-3(P=0.007),and Σn-3/Σn-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio(P＜0.001)in turbot muscle was found to decrease linearly with increasing CAP.However,turbot fed CAP15 diet maintained these parameters(P＞0.05).By contrast,the muscle hardness increased linearly with increasing CAP(P=0.004),accompanied by linear reduction of muscle fiber area(P=0.003)and expression of myogenesis-related genes,including cathepsin D(ctsd P＜0.001)and muscle ring finger protein 1(murf 1,P＜0.001).Phosphorylation of protein kinase B(Akt,P＜0.001),target of rapamycin(TOR,P=0.001),eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1(4E-BP1,P＜0.001),and ribosomal protein S6(S6,P＜0.001)decreased linearly;however,phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK,P＜0.001),eukaryotic initiation factor 2α(eIF2α,P＜0.001),and the abundance of activating transcription factor 4(ATF4,P＜0.001)increased with increasing CAP,suggesting that the TOR signaling pathway was inhibited,and the amino acid response(AAR)and AMPK pathways were activated.Addi-tionally,expression of genes related to protein degradation,including myogenic factor 5(myf 5,P＜0.001),myogenic differentiation(myod,P＜0.001),paired box 7(pax 7,P＜0.001),and ctsd(P＜0.001),decreased linearly with increasing CAP.In conclusion,CAP could be used to replace up to 15％of fishmeal without negatively impacting turbot quality.However,higher levels of CAP decreased fillet yield,muscle protein content,and muscle fiber diameter while increasing muscle hardness,which could be attributed to the inhibition of the TOR pathway and activation of the AAR and AMPK pathways.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Dietary copper improves intestinal structural integrity in juvenile grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)probably related to its increased intestinal antioxidant capacity and apical junction complex

    Rui MaLin FengPei WuYang Liu...
    96-106页
    查看更多>>摘要：This research evaluated the effects of copper(Cu)on intestinal antioxidant capacity and apical junctional complex(AJC)in juvenile grass carp.A total of 1080 healthy juvenile grass carp(11.16±0.01 g)were fed six diets including different dosages of Cu,namely 0,2,4,6,8 mg/kg(Cu citrate[CuCit]as Cu source)and 3 mg/kg(CuSO4-5H2O as Cu source).The trial lasted for 9 weeks.The findings revealed that dietary optimal Cu supplementation(2.2 to 4.1 mg/kg)promoted intestinal growth,including intestinal length,intestinal length index,intestinal weight,and intestinal somatic index(P＜0.05).Furthermore,optimal Cu boosted the intestinal mucosal barrier in juvenile grass carp.On the one hand,optimal Cu reduced diamine oxidase and D-lactate levels in serum(P＜0.05),reduced levels of the oxidative damage in-dicators malondialdehyde,reactive oxygen species(ROS),protein carbonyl,superoxide dismutase(P＜0.05),and catalase mRNA levels were elevated(P＜0.05),thus boosting intestinal antioxidant ca-pacity,the binding protein Keap1a/1b/Nrf2 signaling pathway might be involved.Optimal Cu had no impact on glutathione peroxidase 1b(GPx1b)gene expression(P＞0.05).On the other hand,optimal Cu increased intestinal tight junction(TJ)proteins(except for claudin 15b)and adherens junction(AJ)proteins(E-cadherin,α-catenin,β-catenin,nectin and afadin)mRNA levels(P＜0.05),which could be connected to the signaling pathway formed by the Ras homolog gene family,member A(RhoA),Rho-associated kinase(ROCK),and myosin light chain kinase(MLCK).Finally,based on serum indicator D-lactate and intestinal oxidative damage index(ROS),Cu requirement(CuCit as Cu source)for juvenile grass carp from initial weight to final weight(from 11 to 173 g)was determined to be 4.14 and 4.12 mg/kg diet,respectively.This work may provide a theoretical foundation for identifying putative Cu regulation pathways on fish intestinal health.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Activation of skeletal carbohydrate-response element binding protein(ChREBP)-mediated de novo lipogenesis increases intramuscular fat content in chickens

    Peng WangHaihan XiaoTian WuQinghua Fu...
    107-118页
    查看更多>>摘要：The intracellular lipids in muscle cells of farm animals play a crucial role in determining the overall intramuscular fat(IMF)content,which has a positive impact on meat quality.However,the mechanisms underlying the deposition of lipids in muscle cells of farm animals are not yet fully understood.The purpose of this study was to determine the roles of carbohydrate-response element binding protein(ChREBP)and fructose in IMF deposition of chickens.For virus-mediated ChREBP overexpression in tibialis anterior(TA)muscle of chickens,seven 5-d-old male yellow-feather chickens were used.At 10 d after virus injection,the chickens were slaughtered to obtain TA muscles for analysis.For fructose administration trial,sixty 9-wk-old male yellow-feather chickens were randomly divided into 2 groups,with 6 replicates per group and 5 chickens per replicate.The chickens were fed either a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 10％fructose(purity ≥ 99％).At 4 wk later,the chickens were slaughtered,and breast and thigh muscles were collected for analysis.The results showed that the skeletal ChREBP mRNA levels were positively associated with IMF content in multiple species,including the chickens,pigs,and mice(P＜0.05).ChREBP overexpression increased lipid accumulation in both muscle cells in vitro and the TA muscles of mice and chickens in vivo(P＜0.05),by activation of the de novo lipo-genesis(DNL)pathway.Moreover,activation of ChREBP by dietary fructose administration also resulted in increased IMF content in mice and notably chickens(P＜0.05).Furthermore,the lipidomics analysis revealed that ChREBP activation altered the lipid composition of chicken IMF and tented to improve the flavor profile of the meat.In conclusion,this study found that ChREBP plays a pivotal role in mediating the deposition of fat in chicken muscles in response to fructose-rich diets,which provides a novel strategy for improving meat quality in the livestock industry.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据