Effects of Rhubarb and Emodin on Methane, Hydrogen and Volatile Fatty Acids Production of in Vitro Rumen Fermentation
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different supplemental levels of rhubarb and emodin on methane, hydrogen and volatile fatty acids production of in vitro rumen fermentation. Rumen fluid was collected from three adult Liuyang black goats with permanent rumen fistulas. The study contained control group (A, without any treatments), rhubarb groups (rhubarb supplemental level of B1, B2, B3 and B4 groups was 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 2.5 mg/mL respectively), emodin groups (emodin supplemental level of C1, C2 and C3 groups was 0. 06, 0. 12 and 0. 24 mg/mL, respectively) . The 24 h in vitro ruminal incubation was per-formed. The results showed as follows: 1) with increasing of supplemental levels, gas production and initial fractional rate of degradation in rhubarb groups were quadratically increased at first and then decreased ( P<0.05) , and those in emodin groups were linearly decreased ( P<0.05) . 2) Compared with control group, the supplementation of rhubarb (≥1. 0 mg/mL ) and emodin significantly decreased methane production ( P<0.05) , and with increasing of supplemental levels, methane production was linearly decreased ( P<0.05) . 3) Compared with control group, hydrogen content ( in the headspace of bottle) and production were significantly increased by the supplementation of rhubarb (≥2.0 mg/mL) and emodin (≥0.24 mg/mL) ( P<0.05) , and were linearly increased with increasing of supplemental levels ( P<0.05) . 4) Compared with control group, the ratio of acetate to propionate was significantly decreased by the supplementation of rhubarb (≥1.0 mg/mL) and emodin ( P<0.05) , and was linearly increased with increasing of supplemental levels ( P<0.05) . The re-sults indicate that proper level of rhubarb (≤1.0 mg/mL) does not alter the initial fractional rate of degrada-tion, thus may not affect degradation, digestion and utilization of feed in ruminants, while emodin supplemen-tation can significantly reduce initial fractional rate of degradation, and could influence degradation, digestion and utilization of feed in ruminants. Both rhubarb (≥1.0 mg/mL) and emodin can greatly reduce methane production , increase hydrogen production and alter pattern of rumen fermentation through facilitating propionate production.
in vitro fermentationmethane reductionmethane inhibitorsanthraquinones
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