Research Progress on Function and Regulation of Gut Vascular Barrier in Animals
The gut vascular barrier(GVB)is an anatomical structure below the intestinal upper cortex that consists of tightly interacting endothelial cells,intestinal glial cells and pericytes,and is the last line of defense against the transfer of macromolecules and bacteria from the intestinal lumen to the systemic circulation.GVB is considered to be an essential component of the intestinal barrier and an important hub on the gut-liver-brain ax-is,and its dysfunction leads to many intestinal and parenteral diseases.One of the important causes of GVB dysfunction is the imbalance of intestinal flora.Because intestinal flora is involved in regulating signaling path-ways such as Wnt/β-catenin,apolipoprotein M(ApoM)/sphingosin-l-phosphate(S1P),and vascular endo-thelial growth factor A(VEGFA)/nitric oxide(NO)by secreting metabolites such as bacteriocin or short-chain fatty acids,and resulting in the protein expression of tight junction proteins such as claudin and adhesion junction proteins such as vascular endothelial cadherin(VE-cadherin)between vascular endothelial cells de-creased and the expression of plasma membrane vesicle-associated protein-1 increased.High-fat and hyper-gly-cated diets induce disruption of the intestinal flora and destroy GVB,a process that can be mitigated by sub-stances containing flavonoids or alkaloids.In this paper,the composition,molecular basis and regulatory mech-anism of GVB were reviewed,the mechanism of intestinal flora,especially pathogenic bacteria,affecting GVB function was elucidated,and the nutritional regulation of GVB function was expounded,so as to provide reference for the regulation of intestinal barrier function.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2024,36(1):64-73]
gut vascular barriervascular endothelial cellsintestinal microorganismbacterial translocationgut-liver-brain axis
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