本研究采用了 2个能值体系(代谢能、净能)×2种油脂来源(大豆油、复合油脂)的析因试验,探讨了在保育猪饲粮中添加复合油脂等量替代大豆油的可行性.试验选用了 192头初始体重为(8.40±1.04)kg的健康杜×长×大三元断奶仔猪,根据初始体重按照随机区组的原则分为4个处理,每个处理6个重复(栏),每个重复8头猪(公母各占1/2).根据NRC(2012)推荐,分别采用净能和代谢能2套能值体系,配制7～11 kg和12～25 kg 2个阶段饲粮.对照组为玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验组用2％的复合油脂等量替代2％的大豆油,饲喂35 d.饲养结束后,从饲喂净能体系饲粮的2个组中分别选择6头体重接近重复平均体重的猪屠宰,采集空肠组织做形态学观测,收集空肠黏膜、结肠内容物和新鲜粪便,分别用于检测紧密连接蛋白表达、抗氧化指标、挥发性脂肪酸含量以及微生物组成.结果表明:饲粮中添加2％的复合油脂替代等量的大豆油对保育猪的生长性能和腹泻率没有显著影响(P＞0.05);复合油脂代替大豆油有提高血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)(P=0.09)和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量(P=0.06)的趋势,但对血清中炎症因子含量没有显著影响(P＞0.05),血清中脂质过氧化物丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P＜0.05),而且血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P=0.06)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P=0.06)也有升高的趋势.代谢能体系饲粮饲喂的猪的血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和GSH-Px活性以及T-AOC显著高于净能体系饲粮饲喂的猪(P＜0.05).净能体系下,复合油脂等量替代大豆油显著升高了猪肠道黏膜中GSH-Px活性(P＜0.05),有升高T-AOC(P=0.09)和CAT活性(P=0.08)的趋势;复合油脂组紧密连接蛋白-1(Claudin-1)和闭锁小带蛋白-2(ZO-2)的蛋白表达显著提高(P＜0.05),闭合蛋白(Occludin)的蛋白表达也有升高的趋势(P=0.09);复合油脂等量代替大豆油显著提高了猪结肠内容物中乙酸的含量(P＜0.05),而且粪便微生物门水平的Beta多样性显著变化(P＜0.05),表现为采食复合油脂显著提高了厚壁菌门(Fir-micutes)的相对丰度(P＜0.05),显著降低了拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)的相对丰度(P＜0.05).综上所述,保育猪饲粮中添加2％的复合油脂等量替代大豆油,不影响保育猪的生长性能和健康,而且有助于提高机体免疫力、抗氧化能力和维护肠道屏障功能.
Effects of Replacement of Equivalent Amounts of Soybean Oil with Compound Oil in Diets on Growth Performance and Intestinal Health of Nursery Pigs
In this study,the factorial test of 2 energy systems(metabolizable energy and net energy)× 2 oil sources(soybean oil and compound oil)was used to investigate the effects of compound oil replacing soybean oil in equal amount on growth performance and intestinal health of nursery pigs.A total of 192 healthy Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire weaned piglets with an initial body weight of(8.40±1.04)kg were randomly divided in-to 4 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 8 pigs(equal number of males and females)per replicate ac-cording to the initial body weight.According to NRC(2012),two energy systems of net energy and metabo-lizable energy were designed,and two diets of 7 to 11 kg and 12 to 25 kg were formulated,respectively.The control group was fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet,and the experimental group was fed a 2％compound oil equivalent diet instead of 2％soybean oil for 35 days.At the end of the feeding,six pigs with body weight close to the repeated average body weight were selected from each of the two treatments fed net energy diet,and slaughtered.Jejunal tissues were collected for morphological observation,jejunal mucosa,colonic con-tents,and fresh feces were collected for detection of tight junction protein expression,antioxidant indexes,vol-atile fatty acid contents,and microbial composition.The results showed that dietary supplementation of 2％compound oil instead of the same amount of soybean oil did not affect the growth performance and diarrhea rate(P＞0.05).Replacing soybean oil with complex oil had a tendency to increase the contents of immunoglobulin G(IgG)(P=0.09)and immunoglobulin M(IgM)(P=0.06),but had no effect on the contents of serum inflammatory factors(P＞0.05),serum lipid peroxide malonaldehyde(MDA)content was significantly de-creased(P＜0.05)),and serum total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)(P=0.06)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity(P=0.06)were increased.The serum total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD),catalase(CAT),GSH-Px activities and T-AOC of pigs fed the metabolizable energy system diet were significantly higher than those of pigs fed the net energy system diet(P＜0.05).Compound oil group significantly increased Claudin-1 and ZO-2 protein expression(P＜0.05),the protein expression of Occludin also showed an increas-ing trend(P=0.09);the content of acetic acid in pig colon contents was significantly increased by replacing soybean oil with compound oil(P＜0.05),and the Beta diversity of fecal microbiome level changed signifi-cantly(P＜0.05),showed that feeding complex oil significantly increased the flora relative abundance of Firm-icutes(P＜0.05),significantly decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroidota(P＜0.05).In conclusion,supplementation of 2％compound oil in the diet of nursery pigs instead of soybean oil does not affect the growth performance and health of nursery pigs,and helps to improve immunity,antioxidant capacity and main-tain intestinal barrier function.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2024,36(4):2218-2233]
万方数据
维普
