Nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway is critical for regulating inflammatory respon-ses.A major target of lipopolysaccharide(LPS),Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)induces the activation of NF-κB.Activation of NF-κB promotes phosphorylation of inhibitor of NF-κB(IκB),resulting in translocation of NF-κB subunit(p65)into the nucleus,binding to the promoter region of the target gene,and inducing tran-scription of cellular pro-inflammatory factors.This article reviewed the activation and regulation mechanism of NF-κB,and elucidated the regulatory role of NF-κB in LPS-induced mastitis and endometritis in dairy cows,providing further exploration and innovation for the prevention and treatment of mastitis and endometritis in dairy cows.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2024,36(5):2773-2781]
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