本试验旨在研究屎肠球菌对五指山断奶仔猪肠道健康及微生物群落的影响及对断奶应激的缓解作用.试验选取初始体重为(3.79±0.24)kg的33日龄五指山未断奶仔猪18头,随机分为对照组、断奶组和屎肠球菌组,每组6头(公母各占1/2).对照组仔猪不进行断奶处理,在33日龄时灌喂20 mL磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS),并饲喂母乳至38日龄;断奶组仔猪33日龄时灌喂20 mL PBS,35日龄断奶,并饲喂饲粮至38日龄;屎肠球菌组仔猪33日龄时灌喂20 mL屎肠球菌(灌喂量为1×109 CFU/kg BW),35日龄断奶,并饲喂饲粮至38日龄.38日龄时,将所有试验猪进行屠宰,并测定其肠道形态、酶活性及微生物群落.结果表明:1)在各组初始体重一致的情况下,断奶组仔猪终末体重出现下降,而对照组和屎肠球菌组仔猪终末体重均有所提高.2)与对照组相比,断奶组仔猪十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛高度、绒毛宽度和绒毛表面积均极显著降低(P＜0.01),十二指肠隐窝深度显著提高(P＜0.05),十二指肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)值极显著降低(P＜0.01).与断奶组相比,屎肠球菌组仔猪十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛高度、绒毛宽度和绒毛表面积均极显著提高(P＜0.01),十二指肠隐窝深度显著降低(P＜0.05),十二指肠V/C值极显著提高(P＜0.01).3)与对照组相比,断奶组仔猪十二指肠和回肠β-半乳糖苷酶活性显著降低(P＜0.05),屎肠球菌组空肠和回肠α-淀粉酶活性显著或极显著提高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).与断奶组相比,屎肠球菌组仔猪十二指肠β-半乳糖苷酶活性显著提高(P＜0.05).与对照组和断奶组相比,屎肠球菌组仔猪各肠段脂肪酶活性均极显著提高(P＜0.01).4)与断奶组相比,屎肠球菌组仔猪回肠Chao1指数显著提高(P＜0.05).与对照组相比,断奶组仔猪回肠中变形菌门相对丰度明显提高,回肠中厚壁菌门相对丰度明显降低.与断奶组相比,屎肠球菌组仔猪回肠中厚壁菌门和罗姆布茨菌属相对丰度明显提高,结肠中乳杆菌属相对丰度明显提高,结肠中拟杆菌门相对丰度明显降低.综上所述,断奶前灌喂屎肠球菌菌液可通过改善五指山断奶仔猪肠道形态及菌群结构,并通过提高其肠道相关酶活性,缓解断奶对仔猪的负面影响,进而促进断奶仔猪健康生长.
Effects of Enterococcus faecium on Intestinal Health and Microbial Community of Wuzhishan Weaned Piglets
The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of Enterococcus faecium on intestinal health and microbial community of Wuzhishan weaned piglets and its alleviating effect on weaning stress.Eighteen 33-day-old Wuzhishan unweaned piglets with initial body weight of(3.79±0.24)kg were randomly divided into con-trol group,weaning group and Enterococcus faecium group,with 6 piglets in each group(half male and half female).Piglets in the control group were not weaned,and were fed 20 mL phosphate buffer(PBS)at 33 days of age and breast milk until 38 days of age.Piglets in weaning group were fed 20 mL PBS at 33 days of age,weaned at 35 days of age,and fed the diet until 38 days of age.Piglets in Enterococcus faecium group were fed 20 mL Enterococcus faecium number with 1×109 CFU/kg BW viable bacteria at 33 days of age,weaned at 35 days of age,and fed the diet until 38 days of age.At 38 days of age,all pigs were slaughtered to determine the intestinal morphology,enzyme activity and microbial community.The results showed as fol-lows:1)under the condition that the initial body weight of all groups was the same,the final body weight of piglets in weaning group decreased,while that of piglets in the control group and Enterococcus faecium group increased.2)Compared with the control group,the villus height,villus width and villus surface area of duode-num,jejunum and ileum of piglets in weaning group were extremely significantly decreased(P＜0.01),the crypt depth of duodenum was significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the villus height to crypt depth ratio(V/C)of duodenum was extremely significantly decreased(P＜0.01).Compared with weaning group,the villus height,villus width and villus surface area of duodenum,jejunum and ileum of piglets in Enterococcus faecium group were extremely significantly increased(P＜0.01),the crypt depth of duodenum was significant-ly decreased(P＜0.05),and the V/C of duodenum was extremely significantly increased(P＜0.01).3)Com-pared with the control group,the β-galactosidase activity in duodenum and ileum of piglets in weaning group was significantly decreased(P＜0.05),and the α-amylase activity in jejunum and ileum in Enterococcus faeci-um group was significantly or extremely significantly increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Compared with weaning group,the β-galactosidase activity in duodenum of piglets in Enterococcus faecium group was significantly in-creased(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group and weaning group,the lipase activity in each intestinal segment of piglets in Enterococcus faecium group was extremely significantly increased(P＜0.01).4)Com-pared with weaning group,the ileal Chao1 index of piglets in Enterococcus faecium group was significantly in-creased(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the Proteobacteria relative abundance in ileum of piglets in weaning group was increased,and the Firmicutes relative abundance in ileum was decreased.Compared with weaning group,the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Romboutsia in ileum and Lactobacillus relative abun-dance in colon of piglets in Enterococcus faecium group were increased,and the Bacteroidetes relative abun-dance in colon was decreased.In conclusion,feeding Enterococcusfaecium liquid before weaning can alleviate the negative effects of weaning on piglets by improving the intestinal morphology,microflora structure and re-lated enzyme activity of weaned piglets,thus promoting their healthy growth.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nu-trition,2024,36(5):2924-2937]
万方数据
维普
