Effects of Feeding Frequency on Growth Performance,Immune,Serum and Hepatic Biochemical Indexes in Grouper(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ ×E.lanceolatu ♂)
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding frequency on growth perform-ance,immune,serum and hepatic biochemical indexes in grouper(Epipehelus fuscoguttatus ♀ ×E.lanceolatu♂).Under the conditions of feeding a high-lipid diet,a total of 360 groupers with an initial body weight of(11.51±0.02)g were fed at 4 feeding frequencies(1,2,3,4 times/d)for 56 days,with 3 replicates per feeding frequency and one 0.3 m3 fiberglass barrel per replicate,with 30 fish per barrel.The results showed as follows:1)the final body mass(FBM),weight gain rate(WGR),and specific growth rate(SGR)of the 1 time/d group were significantly lower than those of the other groups(P＜0.05),with no significant differences among the other groups(P＞0.05).The 2 time/d group had the lowest feed conversion ratio(FCR),signifi-cantly lower than the 1 time/d group(P＜0.05).Feeding frequency did not affect the visceral somatic index(VSI),hepatosomatic index(HSI),and condition factor(CF)of the groupers(P＞0.05).2)The serum tri-glyceride(TG)content of the 1 time/d group was significantly lower than that of the other groups(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in serum total cholesterol(TC)content among the groups(P＞0.05).As feeding frequency increased,the serum low-density lipoprotein(LDL)content showed a gradually decreasing trend,with the highest value observed in the 1 time/d group,which was significantly greater than that of the other groups(P＜0.05).In contrast,the serum high-density lipoprotein(HDL)content exhibited an opposite trend,with the lowest value found in the 1 time/d group,which was significantly less than that of the other groups(P＜0.05).The activities of catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)increased,with the highest values in the 4 time/d group,significantly higher than that of the other groups(P＜0.05).The total an-tioxidant capacity(T-AOC)showed an increasing and then stable trend,with the 3 and 4 time/d groups were significantly higher than the 1 and 2 time/d groups(P＜0.05).3)The liver T-AOC and CAT,SOD,lyso-zyme(LYS)activities,and immunoglobulin M(IgM)content of the 1 time/d group were significantly lower than those of the other groups(P＜0.05).4)The liver TG content of the 4 time/d group was significantly higher than that of the other groups(P＜0.05).The liver TC content of the 1 time/d group was significantly higher than that of the other groups(P＜0.05).The very-low-density lipoprotein(VLDL)content of the 4 time/d group was significantly lower than that of the other groups(P＜0.05).The liver lipoprotein lipase(LPL)activity of the 4 time/d group was significantly higher than that of the other groups(P＜0.05),and the hepatic lipase(HL)activity showed an increasing trend,with the 3 and 4 time/d groups significantly higher than the 1 and 2 time/d groups(P＜0.05).The very low density lipoprotein(ATGL)activity of the 3 time/d group was significantly higher than that of the other groups(P＜0.05).In summary,an appropriate feeding frequency enhances the growth performance,antioxidant capacity,and lipid metabolism in groupers.Under the conditions of this experiment,the optimal feeding frequency for groupers fed with a high-lipid diet is 2 time/d.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2024,36(7):4576-4587]
万方数据
维普
