本试验旨在研究挤压膨化加工和添加外源酶制剂对仔猪小麦消化能、代谢能和营养物质消化率的影响.试验1:采用全收粪尿法和直接法进行仔猪消化代谢试验.采用完全随机试验设计,选取18头初始体重为(11.67±1.78)kg的杜×长×大三元杂交去势断奶公猪,随机分为3组(对照组、挤压膨化组、酶制剂组),分别饲喂3种小麦饲粮(仅粉碎的小麦饲粮、挤压膨化加工的小麦饲粮、添加外源酶制剂的小麦饲粮),每组6头猪,每头猪作为1个重复.试验共计19 d,分为7 d的消化代谢笼适应期和12 d的正试期(7 d的预试期和5 d的粪尿收集期).试验2:采用指示剂法、直接法和无氮饲粮法,测定同批次3种处理小麦的标准回肠末端粗蛋白质和氨基酸的消化率.采用4×6不完全拉丁方试验设计,选取4头初始体重为(18.78±2.39)kg、回肠末端装有简单T型瘘管的杜×长×大三元杂交去势公猪,分别饲喂1种无氮饲粮和3种小麦饲粮(仅粉碎的小麦饲粮、挤压膨化加工的小麦饲粮、添加外源酶制剂的小麦饲粮),分别为无氮饲粮组、对照组、挤压膨化组、酶制剂组.试验进行6期试验,每期7 d,包括5 d的预试期和2 d的食糜收集期,共计42 d.结果显示:1)同批次下,小麦经挤压膨化加工后,粗纤维、总阿拉伯木聚糖和粗脂肪含量分别降低了 6.30％、12.81％和18.10％,而干物质含量提高了 4.65％.2)同批次下,与对照组相比,经挤压膨化加工后,极显著提高了仔猪小麦消化能(14.94 MJ/kg vs 15.65 MJ/kg,P＜0.01)和代谢能(12.70 MJ/kg vs 14.14 MJ/kg,P＜0.01),添加外源酶制剂对仔猪小麦消化能(14.94 MJ/kg vs 15.11 MJ/kg)和代谢能(12.70 MJ/kg vs 12.93 MJ/kg)无显著影响(P＞0.05).3)与对照组相比,挤压膨化加工极显著提高了仔猪对小麦的干物质、总能和中性洗涤纤维和有机物的全肠道表观消化率(P＜0.01);添加外源酶制剂显著提高了小麦干物质全肠道表观消化率(P＜0.05).4)同批次下,与对照组相比,挤压膨化加工后,仔猪小麦苯丙氨酸(Phe)的表观回肠末端消化率显著降低(P＜0.05),赖氨酸(Lys)、天冬氨酸(Asp)、半胱氨酸(Cys)和谷氨酸(Glu)的表观回肠末端消化率极显著降低(P＜0.01).同时,挤压膨化加工显著降低了仔猪小麦Cys和Glu的标准回肠末端消化率(P＜0.05),极显著降低了仔猪小麦Asp的标准回肠末端消化率(P＜0.01);添加外源酶制剂对仔猪小麦除异亮氨酸(Ile)、脯氨酸(Pro)和酪氨酸(Tyr)以外的所有氨基酸的表观回肠末端消化率以及所有氨基酸的标准回肠末端消化率略有提高(P＞0.05).综上所述,挤压膨化加工降低了小麦中粗纤维和阿拉伯木聚糖含量,并显著提高仔猪小麦消化能和代谢能以及常规养分中干物质、总能、中性洗涤纤维和有机物的全肠道表观消化率;而添加外源酶制剂可使仔猪小麦有效能值和氨基酸消化率等略有提高,但无显著差异.
Effects of Extrusion Processing and Adding Exogenous Enzyme Preparations on Available Energy Values and Nutrient Digestibility in Wheat for Piglets
The objective of this study was to explore the effects of extrusion processing and adding exogenous enzyme preparations on digestible energy(DE),metabolizable energy(ME)and nutrient digestibility in wheat for piglets.Experiment 1:the total feces and urine collection method and the direct method were used for the digestion and metabolism test of piglets.With a completely random experimental design,18 Duroc×Land-race×Large White ternary cross weaned boars with an initial weight of(11.67±1.78)kg were randomly divid-ed into 3 groups(control group,extrusion group,enzyme preparation group).They were fed three kinds of wheat diets(only crushed wheat diet,extrusion processed wheat diet,wheat diet with added exogenous en-zyme preparation),6 pigs in each group,and each pig was regarded as a repetition.The 19-day experiment was split into two phases:a 7-day adaption period for the digestion and metabolism cage and a 12-day formal period that included 7 days of pre-feeding and 5 days of feces and urine collection.Experiment 2:the indicator method,direct method,and nitrogen-free diet method were used to determine the digestibility of crude protein and amino acids in the standard ileal terminal of three processed wheat types from the same batch.With a 4x6 incomplete Latin square experimental design,4 Duroc×Landrace×Large White ternary cross weaned boars with an initial weight of(18.78±2.39)kg and equipped with a simple T-type fistula at the terminal of the ileum were selected.They were fed one nitrogen-free diet and three wheat diets(only crushed wheat diet,extrusion processed wheat diet,wheat diet with added exogenous enzyme preparation),namely nitrogen-free diet group,control group,extrusion group,and enzyme preparation group.The experiment was conducted in 6 phases,with 7 days in each phase,including 5 days of pre-test and 2 days of chyme collection,totaling 42 days.The results showed as follows:1)in the same batch of wheat,the contents of crude fiber,total arabinoxylan and e-ther extract in extruded wheat were decreased respectively by 6.30％,12.81％and 18.10％,while the dry mat-ter content increased by 4.65％.2)Compared with the control group,in the same batch of wheat,the DE(14.94 MJ/kg vs 15.65 MJ/kg,P＜0.01)and ME(12.70 MJ/kg vs 14.14 MJ/kg,P＜0.01)of extruded wheat for piglets were extremely significantly increased.The DE(14.94 MJ/kg vs 15.11 MJ/kg)and ME(12.70 MJ/kg vs 12.93 MJ/kg)of wheat by adding exogenous enzyme preparations for piglets were not sig-nificant(P＞0.05).3)The total tract apparent digestibility of dry matter,gross energy,neutral detergent fiber and organic matter of extruded wheat for piglets were extremely significantly higher than that of the control group(P＜0.01).The total tract apparent digestibility of wheat dry matter was significantly increased by adding exogenous enzyme preparations for piglets(P＜0.05).4)When wheat that the same batch was extruded,the apparent ileal digestibility of phenylalanine(Phe)for piglets was significantly decreased(P＜0.05),and the apparent ileal digestibility of lysine(Lys),aspartate(Asp),cysteine(Cys),and glutamic acid(Glu)were extremely significantly decreased(P＜0.01).At the same time,the standardized ileal digestibility of Cys and Glu in extruded wheat for piglets were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),and the standardized ileal digestibili-ty of Asp in extruded wheat for piglets was extremely significantly decreased(P＜0.01).There was a slight in-crease in the apparent ileal digestibility of all amino acids except isoleucine(Ile),proline(Pro)and tyrosine(Tyr),as well as the standardized ileal digestibility of all amino acids in wheat by adding exogenous enzyme preparations for piglets(P＞0.05).In conclusion,the extrusion process decreases the crude fiber and araboxy-lan contents of wheat and significantly improved the DE and ME,as well as the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter,gross energy,neutral detergent fiber and organic matter in conventional nutrients for piglets.The available energy values and the digestibility of amino acids in wheat for piglets can be slightly increased but were not significantly affected by the addition of exogenous enzyme preparations.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2024,36(9):5594-5607]
万方数据
维普
