The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1)stands as a core regulator in crucial cel-lular processes,such as growth and metabolism,and it responds to various environmental inputs,including nu-trients.Research has revealed that the intracellular leucine signal is transmitted through specific leucine sensors to activate mTORC1,thereby orchestrating metabolic control.Currently,three pivotal leucine sensors have been identified-leucyl-tRNA synthetase(LRS),Sestrin2 and secretion-associated Ras-related GTPase 1B(SAR1B),each of them playing a crucial role in mediating the upstream transmission of leucine signal to mTORC1.This article systematically reviewed the sensing mechanism of leucine signal upstream of mTORC1,and thoroughly discussed the prospective therapeutic applications of these leucine sensors LRS,Sestrin2 and SAR1B in disease therapy,aiming to provide a scientific foundation for manipulating animal health and disease treatment by targeting leucine sensors as crucial targets.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2024,36(12):7522-7532]
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