Effects of Amino Acids,Glucose,Fatty Acids and Their Interactions on Milk Protein Synthesis
Milk protein is the primary nutrient in milk.Its amino acid content and composition ratio closely match the needs of the human body.Additionally,it contains immunoglobulin,which is essential for newborn animals,making it an ideal source of protein.The mammary gland is the primary site for milk protein synthe-sis.It takes up nutrients,such as amino acids(AA),glucose(GLU),and fatty acids(FA),from the blood.These nutrients act as raw materials and energy substrates for milk protein synthesis,as well as signaling factors that regulate the synthesis of milk proteins.AA activates the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),the ac-tivator of tyrosine kinase 2-signal transducer activator of transcription 5(JAK2-STAT5),and the general regu-latory inhibition of protein kinase 2(GCN2)signaling pathways to regulate milk protein synthesis.On the oth-er hand,GLU inhibits adenylate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)activity,upregulates the phosphorylation levels of downstream targets such as mTOR and ribosomal S6 protein kinase 1(S6K1),and promotes milk protein synthesis.FA can mediate the AMPK signaling pathway to regulate intracellular FA synthesis and oxida-tion processes to meet the energy requirements for milk protein synthesis.This paper mainly summarizes the effects of AA,GLU and FA and their interactions on the synthesis of milk protein and its mechanism of action.It aims to explore the synthesis of milk protein and its mechanism of action from the perspective of the interac-tion of nutritional substrates,and to provide a theoretical reference for the regulation of milk protein synthesis by AA,GLU and FA.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2024,36(12):7553-7562]
万方数据
维普
