Mechanism Analysis of Fasting Affecting Energy Metabolism of Laying Hens Based on Transcriptome and Metabolome
This experiment aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying changes of energy metab-olism in laying hens during fasting.Ninety Hy-Line brown laying hens at 265 days of age were randomly divid-ed into three groups:control group(C group),1-day fasting group(Y group),and 3-day fasting group(S group).Blood samples were collected and liver tissues were harvested for analysis on the fourth day after the experiment commenced.Liver transcriptome analysis and serum metabolome analysis were conducted.The liver transcriptome analysis results showed that,a total of 1 534 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)across the three groups were identified,which were mainly enriched in related signaling pathways related to lipid metabo-lism,amino acid metabolism and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)signaling pathways.Nota-bly,the expression of genes associated with lipid synthesis,such as stearoyl-CoA desaturase(SCD),malic enzyme 1(ME1),and angiopoietin-like protein 4(ANGPTL4),were significantly downregulated.In con-trast,genes related to lipid mobilization,including acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1(ACAA1),lipoprotein lipase(LPL),perilipin 1(PLIN1),and genes involved in fatty acid degradation like long-chain acyl-CoA syn-thetase(ACSL),hydroxylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase alpha subunit(HADHA),hydroxylacyl-CoA dehydrogen-ase beta subunit(HADHB),and enoyl-CoA delta isomerase 2(ECI2),were significantly upregulated.The serum metabolome analysis results showed that,a total of 100 differentially expressed metabolites(DEMs)across the three groups were identified.The levels of metabolites such as 1-methylhistidine,D-serine,creatine,and beta-hydroxybutyrate increased after fasting,indicating enhanced protein catabolism and gluconeogenesis as well as increased ketogenesis.Conversely,the levels of metabolites such as gallic acid and riboflavin decreased after fasting,suggesting a disruption in energy metabolism.Integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabo-lome indicated that glycine,serine and threonine metabolism signaling pathway may play a role in maintaining energy homeostasis by enhancing protein catabolism.The results indicate that after fasting,energy metabolism in laying hens becomes dysregulated,with enhanced amino acid metabolic pathways in the liver facilitating glu-coneogenesis;the strengthening of the PPAR signaling pathway inhibiting lipid synthesis and promoting fatty mobilization;and the upregulation of fatty acid degradation pathway promoting fatty acid beta-oxidation,ulti-mately leading to increased ketogenesis to maintain energy homeostasis.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2024,36(12):8025-8040]
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