"The people are more important than the monarch"and"establishing the monarch for the people":Mencius and Xunzi's theories on the ruler and the people
The viewpoint of"being the parents of the people"in the Book of Documents has a great influence on Xunzi,the thought of"people-oriented"has a great influence on Mencius,and the idea of benefiting and pacifying the people has a partic-ularly profound impact on Confucius.The universalization of Xunzi's concept of"serving the people"means that every-thing is for the people and has political significance that transcends the times.Its'fear of the people'theory emphasizes the potential power of the people to resist political subversion,which is a warning and caution against the ruling class.In some phrases and ideological expressions,Xunzi and Mencius have similarities,and Xunzi's thoughts are influenced by Mencius to a certain extent.While Xunzi talks about"for the people"and"loving the people,"he also emphasizes"respecting the monarch,"adopting a structure and approach that integrates Confucianism and Legalism,which is a significant difference from Mencius and reflects the growing influence of Legalism in the late Warring States period.Xunzi's thoughts are characterized by utilitarianism,realism,and comprehensiveness.In addition to Legalism,Mohism's advocacy of"frugality"and"universal benefit"also has an impact on him.Mencius'concept of"the people are more important than the monarch"not only transcends the political view of the Book of Documents,but also surpasses Confu-cius and the pre-Qin thinkers before him,achieving a truly people-oriented political view."The people are precious"represents Mencius'political view,and"sharing pleasure with the people"is the core of his political philosophy.Mencius attributes"getting the people"to"getting their hearts,"which has become a representative summary of ancient Chinese political thought.
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