The"System"and"structure"as terms and concepts:Shpet—Tynianov—Jakobson—Lotman
Peter Steiner defined"system"as one of the fundamental rhetorical patterns in the discourse of the Russian formalist school in his article"The Metapoetics of the Russian formalist School".The use of the term"system"is a characteristic of the Petrograd formalists(Yuri Tinianov),while the Moscow phenomenological school represented by Gustav Speet and his followers(including Gregory Vinokur)tends to use the term"structure".In 1928,Jakobson added the term"struc-ture"to the term"system"in the formula he developed together with Tynianov:For Jakobson,"structure"was the basic concept of new,post-romantic and post-positivist sciences that he labelled"structuralism"and he excluded"system"from all post-1929 versions of this formula.Juri Lotman initiated two important conceptual shifts.He derived his con-cepts of"art as a secondary modelling system"and"the structure of artistic text".
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