晚更新世的大熊猫广泛分布于中国华南地区,化石分布点众多,但完整保存的骨骼材料相对较少.文中报道了贵州惠水县仰天窝竖井新发现的完整大熊猫头骨化石,仰天窝竖井—白马洞因其特殊的洞穴环境为化石的保藏创造了有利条件.根据测量数据,仰天窝大熊猫个体牙齿比现生大熊猫略大,应属于巴氏大熊猫.AMS—14C测年结果为22887～22431 a BP,时代处于末次盛冰期前后,新材料的发现为推断大熊猫在晚更新世末期的分布范围、生存演化等问题提供了难得的实证.
Discovery and significance of giant Panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)fossils from the Yangtianwo Shaft in Huishui County,Guizhou Province
Objectives:The giant panda was widely distributed in South China during the Late Pleistocene,with numerous fossil sites,but relatively few intact skeletal materials.We report the newly discovered complete giant panda skull fossil in Yangtianwo Shaft,Huishui,Guizhou,and analyze its burial characteristics combined with cave features.Methods:We have carried out detailed cave survey and cave mapping of Yangtianwao—Baima Cave system.The teeth of giant panda were studied in detail by morphological measurement and compared with those of Ailuropoda melanoleuca baconi and modern giant pandas(Ailuropoda).The fractured bone fragments were dated by AMS—14C dating method.Results:There are favorable conditions for the preservation of fossil in the Yangtian wo Shaft—Baima Cave system because of its special cave environment.According to the measured data,the teeth of Yangtianwo giant panda are slightly larger than those of modern giant pandas,and should belong to the Ailuropoda melanoleuca baconi.The AMS—14C dating results are 22887～22431 a BP,which is around the last glacial maximum.Conclusions:The discovery of new materials provides rare physical evidence for the distribution range,survival and evolution of giant pandas at the end of the late Pleistocene.
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