Dependence and Escape from Dependence:Europe's Energy Fate——An Analysis in the Perspective of Russian-European Energy Relations
"Energy dependence"has always been a weakness of Europe's external strategy.As the world's most developed industrial center,Europe's energy demand has always been quite substantial.Due to its relatively weak endowment of hydrocarbon resources,Europe has been engaged in energy cooperation with the world's major energy supply regions-the Middle East,the USSR/Russia-for more than a century has resulted in an asymmetric dependence and a growing desire to break away from the"destiny"of energy dependence.and it has also gone through a number of ups and downs.After the U.S.realized energy independence,it spared no effort to create geopolitical tensions in order to expand its natural gas market.After the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict,Russia and Europe decoupled on energy cooperation,the two sides drifted apart,and Europe began to rely on the United States and the Middle East's oil and gas resources.For Europe,however,the following questions are worth pondering:Does getting rid of Russia really mean getting rid of dependence?Are imports of U.S.liquefied natural gas creating a new dependency?Will the key green metals on which Europe's renewable energy development depends fall into the next new dependency?Does Europe want to get rid of these dependencies?How can it really change the fate of"dependence and escape from dependence"?This paper analyzes the above issues in depth through a systematic study of energy issues in Europe-which helps to deeply understand the current energy dilemma in Europe.At the same time,as China is also a major energy-importing country,its transition process is similar to that of Europe,we'll summarize the implications for China's energy transition with the help of this study.
EuropeRussiaEnergy DependenceEnergy AutonomyRussia-Europe Energy Cooperation
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