The Special Military Operation and Russia's Grand Strategy
Russia's special military operation against Ukraine in 2022 has triggered a heated controversy.From the perspective of grand strategy,this operation is the inevitable result of the struggle for power among the major Powers against the backdrop of accelerated changes in the international landscape.On the basis of the three basic characteristics of unity,permanence and comprehensiveness,it is possible to confirm that Russia in the Putin era has a grand strategy.This strategy is a typical action strategy that focuses on behavior rather than plans or principles.The formation of the grand strategy did not happen overnight,but was shaped by Russia's fundamental strategic concerns,enduring strategic culture,and basic strategic orientation,and is a"Russian consensus"that runs through the ages.The fundamental goal of Russia's grand strategy is to promote multipolarity in the world,to divide spheres of influence with other powers and to maintain great power coordination,while preserving its unique political civilization,and ultimately to return Russia to the status of a first-class power in the world;this strategy is to be realized by weakening the hegemony of the U.S.through a proactive and offensive strategy,the most important means of which is the use of military force.The fight against NATO's eastward expansion is the focus of the current tasks of Russia's grand strategy,and its use of force reflects more of an"asymmetric strategy".The"asymmetric strategy"is approaching its limits after the special military operation against Ukraine was transformed from a"hybrid war"into a conventional war.Based on the basic principle of the implementation of the grand strategy-"balance of goals and means"-a political rather than a military victory for Russia is the most realistic and rational outcome of the Russian-Ukrainian military conflict and the optimal solution in the sense of the strategy of counteracting NATO's expansion to the East.In the face of U.S.hegemony,Russia's use of force has shattered the international political narrative shaped by the West,especially the United States in the post-Cold War era.The process of its implementation,as well as its successes and failures,will be of great benefit to academics in reopening the discussion of the use of force in international politics.
Russia-Ukraine ConflictRussia's Grand StrategyNATO enlargementOffensive StrategyAsymmetric Strategy
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