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俄乌冲突中的认知域对抗:手段、影响与启示

The Cognitive-Domain Confrontation in the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict:Means,Impact and Implications

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认知域作战是以人的意志、信念、情感、心理等作为直接作战对象,通过改变受众思维认知,影响其决策和行动,进而引发敌对方社会混乱、决策失误、军心涣散,甚至政权颠覆的作战方式.俄乌冲突爆发以来,交战双方在物理秩序空间以外的认知场域展开激烈争夺,呈现出数字化时代战争的新形态和新特征.双方依靠信息技术赋能和发声渠道优势,批量制造与散播特定信息;利用回音室效应诱导受众产生虚假印证,并反复强化预设认知;再浸入情绪刺激与价值观熏陶引发情感共鸣,引导目标人群的情感意志、立场态度、思想观念等发生有利于己的改变;最后利用国际权威增进认知合法性并扩展国际认可.西方国家手握技术平台优势与数字媒体霸权,对俄罗斯展开了全维全域全时的认知打压,使其军事行动的合法性基础受损,民众对战争的支持度不断走低,军政高层决策陷于掣肘;与此同时,塑造了西方国家援乌行动的正义性,牢牢把控了国际舆论场的风向标,北约安全共同体意识也再获强化.西方认知攻势与扶持乌克兰的地面军事行动跨域融合、高度联动,影响到战局战势.在美国对华战略竞争背景下,俄乌冲突中认知域对抗具有重要的镜鉴意义.数字化时代,认知作战没有时空边界,甚至在和平时期就已悄然上演.应从思维观念转变、平台力量建设、新兴技术发展以及价值体系培塑等方面系统提升认知攻防能力,以稳健应对美国等西方国家的认知战图谋.
Since the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict,Russia and the United States have been fiercely competing for cognitive fields beyond physical space,presenting new forms and characteristics of war in the digital age.Relying on information technology and the advantages of voice channels,the two sides create and disseminate specific information;utilize the echo chamber effect to repeatedly strengthen the audience's cognition;then immerse in emotional contagion and value inculcation to trigger emotional resonance,and guide the target group's emotion,will,stance,attitude,ideology,etc.to change for their own benefit;and finally,utilize the international authority to enhance the cognition of legitimacy and expand the international recognition.Utilizing the advantages of technological platforms and digital media hegemony in their hands,the United States and other Western countries have launched.an all-dimensional,all-area,all-the-time cognitive suppression of Russia,while at the same time highly linking up with ground military operations in support of Ukraine,which has become one of the most important factors delaying Russia's special military operations.China's cognitive offensive and defensive capabilities should be upgraded in terms of changes in mindset,platform force building,development of emerging technologies,and value system shaping,in order to steadily respond to the cognitive warfare schemes of the United States and other Western countries.

Russian-Ukrainian ConflictCognitive-Domain ConfrontationCognitive WarfareHybrid War

储召锋、朱鹏锦

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国防科技大学全球治理研究中心

国防科技大学外国语学院

俄乌冲突 认知域对抗 认知战 混合战

国家社会科学基金军事学重点项目

2022-SKJJ-B-105

2024

俄罗斯东欧中亚研究
中国社会科学院 俄罗斯东欧中亚研究所

俄罗斯东欧中亚研究

CHSSCD
影响因子:0.309
ISSN:1671-8461
年,卷(期):2024.(3)