The Instrumentality of International Sanction Regimes and the Case of Western Sanctions on Russia
Sanctions are restrictive measures taken by individual countries,alliances of countries,and international organizations to achieve political goals.As a foreign policy tool of modern states,sanctions usually have an economic attribute,but their essence is to achieve political goals through economic restrictions.As the primary architect of sanctions,the United States has imposed sanctions on more occasions than all other countries and international organizations combined.Sanctions represent a significant aspect of the EU's foreign policy,offering a means of partially compensating for the EU's relative lack of military power while pursuing certain political objectives.Since its withdrawal from the European Union,the United Kingdom has pursued an independent sanctions policy and established its own legislative framework.At present,there are in excess of 16,500 sanctions imposed on Russian individuals and legal entities,approximately one-third of which were initiated by the United States.Prior to the commencement of the special military operation,the United States and its partner countries commenced an increase in sanctions against Russia.However,since February 2022,the scale and velocity of sanctions imposed on Russia have reached unprecedented levels.Currently,the conflict between Russia and the West has reached a high point,and there are no signs of normalization.Sanction is one of the few escalation options available,but more radical escalation options have been exhausted.In response,Russia has consistently expanded its anti-sanctions measures.While these measures are not symmetrical to Western sanctions,the primary objective of adapting to the restrictions imposed by sanctions and potentially retaliating has been largely achieved.The further development of domestic,bilateral,and multilateral mechanisms to address sanctions will not only reinforce regional stability and security but also contribute to the stability and security of the international community.
International SanctionsForeign policyRussia-Ukraine conflictRussia
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