Research advances in the study of cell-in-cell structures in hepatic diseases
Occurring primarily between homogenous cells,most commonly tumor cells and epithelial cells,cell-in-cell structures(CICs)refers to the internalization of one or more living cells into other cells.However,it can also happen among heterogeneous cells,such as an internalization of tumor cells in immune cells.In liver diseases,the presence and extent of CICs have attracted growing attention.Serving as a key pathological diagnostic indicator,accurately assessing the type and severity of liver diseases is dependent upon identifying the presence and degree of CICs.The formation of CICs involves multiple mechanisms,including cell cannibalism,phagoptosis,enclysis,entosis and emperipolesis.These processes play some vital roles not only in nutrient acquisition and immune evasion of tumor cells and the regulation of tumor microenvironment but also in the developments of chronic hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma.Through further elucidating the formative mechanisms,the authors anticipate developing more precise therapeutic strategies of potentially revolutionizing liver disease treatment.This review summarized the role and mechanism of CICs in various liver diseases while discussing their potential implications for diagnosis,treatments and drug resistance.
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