基于无人机技术的建筑围护结构热工缺陷测试方法研究

A Test Method for Thermal Performance of Building Envelope Based on UAV

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中文摘要：建筑围护结构热工性能是降低建筑能耗、实现建筑低碳的关键因素之一.现阶段建筑围护结构热工性能的测试主要是以点代面,即选取典型位置进行热工缺陷测试代表整体的热工性能,难以真实地评价围护结构整体热工性能.当前我国建筑以中高层建筑为主,传统手持红外热像仪测试中高层建筑围护结构外墙、外窗、屋顶的热工性能难度极大且准确性差、成本极高.通过多旋翼无人机搭载红外热像仪进行中高层建筑围护结构外墙、外窗、屋顶的热工性能测试,可实现建筑围护结构周期性巡检.研究认为:无人机不受地形和建筑高度限制、成本低,目前我国无人机技术成熟,具备大规模应用基础;在高度较低位置无人机搭载红外热像仪与手持红外热像仪测试精度一致,在较高位置无人机搭载红外热像仪测试精度远超手持红外热像仪测试精度;无人机搭载红外热像仪在中高层建筑围护结构、建筑屋顶测试上优势明显;无人机搭载红外热像应以建筑物体量的大小选择设备距外墙的拍摄距离,在10～40 m范围内测试结果一致性较好;通过无人机搭载红外热像仪测试数据可合成围护结构整体热像图,能够全面地分析建筑围护结构整体热工性能;建筑物围护结构整体热工性能缺陷测试和分析,需结合可见光照片进行;建筑整体围护结构热工性能测试数据处理量大、缺少专用软件,缺陷分析识别需要人员水平较高;无人机飞行时噪声较大,应合理选择测试时段或采用低噪声机型,避免扰民.

外文摘要：The thermal performance of building envelope has a great influence on reducing building energy consumption and building a low-carbon building.So,it becomes even more important to determine the performance of building envelope structures.The thermal performance test of building envelope mainly depends on the result of typical location's thermal performance,because testing the overall thermal performance of building is basically impossible to achieve by the traditional way.Roof and high-rise buildings'thermal performance of envelope is very difficult to test.Usually,the traditional handheld infrared thermal imager has poor test results and high costs,which make fully scientific evaluation building envelope become harder.The thermal performance of building envelope is tested by thermal imager with multi rotor UAV,which making testing cheaper and more time saving.Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)has many advantages,such as not limited by terrain and building height,low cost.At present,UAV technology is mature with a foundation for large-scale application in China.The test accuracy of thermal imager with UAV is consistent with handheld infrared thermal imager,and thermal imager with UAV has obvious advantages in the test of envelope and roof of medium and high-rise buildings.The shooting distance from thermal imager with UAV to the outer wall depends on the size of building objects.Consistency of test results is well when the shooting distance is 10～40 m.The thermal imager with UAV test can synthesize the overall thermal image of the building envelope,which can comprehensively analyze the defects of the building envelope.UAV making periodic inspections of building envelope is possible.The test and analysis of overall thermal performance defects of building envelope shall be combined with visible light photos.The thermal performance testing data processing capacity of the overall building envelope is large,which causing more costs and require high-level personnel skills to defect analysis and identification.There is currently no professional analysis software available,so further research and development are needed.The noise during UAV flight is louder,so testers should choose a reasonable testing period,or the low-noise aircraft should be used to avoid disturbing the public.

外文关键词：

energy efficiencyUnmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)thermal irregularitiesthermal performance of high-rise building envelopeoverall thermal performance defects of building envelopeoverall thermal performance defects of roof envelope

作者：

王彬、陈刚、赵矗、师凡伟、刘伟、马艺铭

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作者单位：

建筑安全与环境国家重点实验室,北京 100013

建科环能科技有限公司,北京 100013

中国建筑科学研究院有限公司,北京 100013

中国建筑第六工程局有限公司,天津 300451

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关键词：

建筑节能无人机热工缺陷高层建筑围护结构热工性能围护结构整体热工性能屋顶整体热工性能

基金：

中国建筑科学研究院有限公司科研基金资助项目

项目编号：

20220112330730010-02

出版年：

2024

DOI：

10.3969/j.issn.2096-9422.2024.07.007

建筑节能(中英文)

中国建筑东北设计研究院有限公司

建筑节能(中英文)

CSTPCD

影响因子：0.695

ISSN：2096-9422

年,卷(期)：2024.52(7)