Energy conservation and carbon reduction is the national focus in recent years. The importance of reducing carbon emissions in the construction sector has been increasing following the"Dual-Carbon Goals"( realizing carbon peak before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060 ) in China. The green and efficient construction of prefabricated building buildings has been vigorously promoted by government. The carbon emission calculation models of traditional cast-in-place construction and prefabricated construction mode are established,and the boundary is locked in the physicochemical stage. Combined with the actual project,the carbon emissions of the two construction models in the materialization stage are calculated,and the influencing factors of carbon emissions in different stages are analyzed. The results show that the carbon emission of the cast-in-place buildings is 7.14 kg/m2 higher than that of the prefabricated building with the same design parameters,providing strong evidence for quantifying the carbon reduction effect of prefabricated construction model.