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论"未发"与"已发"

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《中庸》"未发已发"的命题涉及中国哲学思想中一些最基本、最深奥的问题,非常重要又高度复杂,从宋儒开始,一直是历代儒家哲学家讨论的重点课题.朱子秉承程子对此一问题的思路,对它进行了创造性的诠释和阐发,朱子对"未发已发"问题的思考,构成了他哲学思想的核心,以至于牟宗三对朱熹思想的批评,主要也是围绕朱子集中体现他这方面思想的"中和新说"展开的.朱子通过对"未发已发"命题的创造性阐释,提出了一系列开创性的思想,首先是他的道统理论.朱熹的道统理论构成了他心之概念的基础和出发点.朱熹又将程子"涵养须用敬"的思想进一步系统发展为他的工夫论,以论证人心与道心实为一心,阐述人心如何能扬弃为道心.然而,朱子终究不免以心该天、以心为天的倾向,又与他对"未发已发""心统性情"的阐释思路有关.
On Weifa and Yifa
The thesis of yifa and weifa in The Doctrine of the Mean is very significant and complex,for it involves some most fundamental and profound problems in the Chinese philosophy.Since the Song dynasty,it is an important theme discussed among the Confucianist philosophers.Zhu Xi interprets and elucidates it creatively on the basis of the studies of Chen Hao and Chen Yi.His thought on the thesis constitutes the core of his philosophy.Through the creative interpretation of the thesis Zhu Xi proposes a series of original ideas,first of all,of Confucian orthodoxy,which constitutes the basis and starting point of his concept of mind.Zhu Xi develops the idea of respect of Chen Hao and Chen Yi into his theory of moral cultivation systematically,in order to demonstrate how human mind can be transcended and become Dao mind,and they are one mind at bottom.However,Zhu Xi still inclines to include and substitute heaven with mind after all.

yifaweifaChen YiZhu XiConfucian orthodoxyhuman mindDao mindrespect

张汝伦

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上海科技大学 人文学院, 上海 201210

未发 已发 程颐 朱熹 道统 人心 道心 涵养

2024

复旦学报(社会科学版)
复旦大学

复旦学报(社会科学版)

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.916
ISSN:0257-0289
年,卷(期):2024.66(2)
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