冷战变局下的顺势而为:西沙海战与20世纪70年代英国南海政策的调整
Going with the Flow in the Changing Situation of the Cold War:Battle of the Xisha Islands and the Adjustment of British Policy toward South China Sea in the 1970s
刘金源 1赵沁雨1
作者信息
- 1. 南京大学 中国南海研究协同创新中心/历史学院, 南京 210023
- 折叠
摘要
20 世纪 70 年代的冷战格局深刻影响着南海局势及英国南海政策.1974 年 1 月,中越西沙海战爆发,中国海军挫败南越政权之图谋,一举收复西沙群岛主权.作为近代以来在南海周边有着重要战略利益的列强,英国对西沙海战及其后南海局势密切关注、仔细研判,并适时调整了其战后初期确立的南海政策.英国通过多个外交场合,明确反对南越政权将南海岛屿争端扩大化的图谋;英国默许中国收复西沙群岛的维权之举;英国决定正式放弃对南海相关岛屿的主权诉求,从此不再涉足南海主权之争.英国南海政策的务实性调整,客观上有利于中国南海维权以及中英关系的正常化.但从实质来看,这是在冷战高潮背景下顺应其东南亚防务的战略转型、维护其在东南亚经济利益、巩固日渐升温的中英关系的必然选择,这反映出国力衰落背景下英国努力捍卫其国家利益的战略意图.
Abstract
The Cold War in the 1970s had a profound impact on the situation of and British policy toward the South China Sea.In January 1974,the Sino-Vietnamese Naval battle broke out in the Xisha Islands.The Chinese navy defeated the attempts of the South Vietnam and recovered the sovereignty of the Xisha Islands at one stroke.As a powerful country with important strategic interests around the South China Sea in modern times,Britain paid close attention to the Battle of the Xisha Islands and the situation in the South China Sea after that,and finally adjusted its policy toward South China Sea established in the early postwar period.Through several diplomatic occasions,Britain explicitly opposed the South Vietnam's attempt to expand the dispute over the Islands in the South China Sea.Britain acquiesced in China's efforts to recover the Xisha Islands;Britain had decided to formally abandon its claims to islands in the South China Sea,ending its involvement in the dispute.The practical adjustment of British South China Sea policy was objectively beneficial to China's right-defending actions in the South China Sea and the normalization of Sino-British relations.However,in essence,it was an inevitable choice to adapt to the transformation of its defense strategy in Southeast Asia,safeguard its economic interests in Southeast Asia and consolidate the growing Sino-British relationship during the climax of the Cold War.It also reflected Britain's strategic intention to defend its national interests in the face of the decline of national strength.
关键词
西沙海战/英国/南海/西沙群岛/冷战Key words
Battle of the Xisha Islands/Britain/South China Sea/the Xisha Islands/the Cold War引用本文复制引用
基金项目
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(20JZD035)
江苏省"333高层次人才培养工程"科研项目(第五期)(BRA2020032)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项()
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据