Meta-subject,Social Identity and Situational Role:A Re-analysis of the Category of Speech Subject
The process of language use is"the behavior of human beings using discourse to complete the exchange of information,"that is,"speech behavior."Any speech behavior has a certain behavior subject,that is,"speech subject."The subject of speech is the primary concern in the study of language use.This issue should be divided into three levels:First,the"meta-subject"issue at the meta-pragmatic level,and its linguistic marker is the"person."Any personal pronoun system includes"I,you and he/she,"which means that the speech process is not only"I speak,you listen,"but also a game of"speaker(Ⅰ)/listener(you)/supervisor(he/she)."The existence of the"other"consciousness is one of the basic symbols of speech behavior modernity.The second is the positioning of social identity and the relationship between identities,that is,the problem of identity reference system.Its language marker is"appellation."This system can be divided into two major systems:spontaneous appellation and regulatory appellation.Spontaneous appellation includes not only"honorific appellation"and"derogatory appellation,"but also the existence of"equal appellation."The development of"equal appellation"is a prominent feature of contemporary social language life.The third is the problem of identity selection and construction in the specific communicative context.Its linguistic marker is"address.""Address"is the requisition of"meta-subject"and"address system,"and it is also the negotiation of the legitimacy of each other's relationship in verbal communication.The basic parameters that determine this negotiation process are not only the generally considered"distance"and"hierarchy,"but also"emotion,"which constitutes the sequence of"emotion principle＞distance principle＞power principle."
new speech act analysisspeech subjectmeta-subject/personsocial identity/appellationsituational role/address
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