About the question of what is classical liberty,there are these interpretive schemes,Constant's political liberty,Berlin's positive liberty,Strauss's virtue as liberty and Hegel's objective liberty.The author thinks that,from Aristotle's view,classical liberty can be generally defined as the pursuit of fine and the separation from necessity,and it contains three levels of political liberty,ethical liberty and philosophical liberty.Civil political liberty,is separated from the necessity of physical labor and has some ethical virtues,thus it is the liberty to both rule and be ruled.The ethical liberty of the sage,is completely separated from the irrational necessity and pursued the practical virtue,and the rule of the sage to the ordinary citizens made the whole city-state have virtue.Philosophical contemplative liberty,is separated from the necessity and busyness of political practice,and pursues knowledge for its own sake.Classical liberty is a gradual ascent on these three fine steps.
classical libertyfinepolitical libertyethical libertyphilosophical liberty
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