摘要
单晶半导体(如硅、锗和砷化镓)在太阳能电池领域展现的光电转换效率要普遍优于多晶薄膜.然而,基于ABX3新型有机-无机杂化金属卤化物钙钛矿材料构建的第三代太阳能电池中,其>26%的最高认证效率是基于多晶薄膜实现的.目前,单晶钙钛矿太阳能电池最高效率约为24%,且相关研究较少.多晶钙钛矿薄膜存在着高密度的固有结构缺陷(如晶界、空位缺陷、杂质缺陷、反位缺陷等),会导致太阳能电池器件稳定性弱和严重迟滞效应等问题.相比之下,钙钛矿单晶具有无晶界、低缺陷密度、长载流子寿命和扩散距离等优势,这些特性使得钙钛矿单晶成为高性能光电子器件的理想优选材料.本综述简述钙钛矿单晶太阳能电池的基本器件结构,系统综述不同组分构成的钙钛矿单晶材料的优势/劣势,同时探讨不同单晶钙钛矿材料的制备/生长方法,细致分析其最新的研究进展和关键攻关方向,重点强调单晶钙钛矿材料组分、器件结构、生长工艺与器件性能之间的关系.希望本综述能为促进研究人员开发高效与高稳定钙钛矿单晶太阳能电池提供借鉴.
Abstract
Single-crystal semiconductors such as silicon,germanium,and gallium arsenide consistently demon-strate higher photovoltaic conversion efficiencies in the field of solar energy.However,in the third-generation thin-film solar devices based on ABX3 type novel organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskite materials,the latest cer-tified efficiency of over 26%has been achieved using polycrystalline thin films,while the highest efficiency for single-crystal perovskite solar cells is approximately 24%,with limited related research.Polycrystalline perovskite thin films exhibit high-density intrinsic structural defects(grain boundaries,vacancy defects,impurity defects,antisite defects,etc.),leading to issues of poor device stability and hysteresis effects,among others.In contrast,single-crystal perovskites offer advantages such as absence of grain boundaries,low defect density,long carrier lifetime,and long diffusion lengths.These characteristics position single-crystal perovskites as ideal candidates for high-per-formance optoelectronic devices.In the trajectory of semiconductor photovoltaic materials,the single-crystals remain the ultimate commercialization target.This review briefly outlines the basic device structure of single-crystal perovskite solar cells,systematically evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of various constituent single-crystal perovskite materials,explores diverse single-crystal perovskite material preparation/growth methods,and critically analyzes the latest research advancements,with an emphasis on the interplay among single-crystal perovskite materi-al composition,device structure,preparation methods,and performance.It is hoped that this review will provide valuable insights to catalyze the development of highly efficient and stable single-crystal perovskite solar cells by re-searchers in the field.
维普
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