Advances in Multi-dimensional Control of Upconversion Emission from Er3+-riched Nanocrystals
Over recent years,research into the upconversion luminescence properties of highly doped Er3+nano-crystals has undergone rapid advancement.Compared to traditional doping materials,these materials exhibit unique features such as multi-band excitation,strong excitation wavelength penetration,dynamic control over optical color,and highly sensitive to external field stimuli,showing great promise in various research domains including optical in-formation security,temperature sensing,and bioimaging.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the tech-niques for tuning upconversion luminescence intensity,emission colors,decay characteristics,and excitation bands through ways of such as matrix composition,structural design,and energy transfer processes.Additionally,we ex-plore the impact of external field stimuli such as temperature,pressure,and metal surface electric fields on the lumi-nescence properties of highly Er3+doped nanocrystals.The mechanisms behind luminescence enhancement are dis-cussed in terms of increased multiphoton transition probabilities and reduced non-radiative energy losses.Finally,we summarize the research on modulating excitation modes in highly doped Er3+nanocrystals and propose directions for future investigations.
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