Effects of harvesting methods on the distribution characteristics of non-structural carbohydrates in Bambusa rigida
Bambusa rigida was investigated to study the growth changes under different treatments,dynamic changes of non-structural carbohydrates(NSC)in the mother and new bamboos during rapid growth,and their correlation.In this study,we aimed to understand NSC supply from mother to new bamboos,optimize forest stand structure and harvesting methods,and reveal inherent rules of bamboo rapid growth.The aim of this study was to investigate the NSC supply pattern from mother bamboo to new bamboo,aiming to optimize stand structure and harvesting methods and provide insights into the rapid growth dynamics of bamboo.Two harvesting modes were implemented:retaining 1-year-old female bamboo(treatment Ⅰ)and retaining 1-and 2-year-old female bamboo(treatment Ⅱ),with non-harvested hard-headed yellow bamboo clumps serving as the control(CK).This study analyzed bamboo shoot characteristics,bamboo formation,and biomass across different harvesting modes,comparing quantitative and qualitative changes in bamboo growth among the three treatments.The study examined dynamic changes in NSC content and water content in leaves,branches,culms,and roots of female bamboos during five critical growth stages of hard-headed yellow bamboo.This aimed to explore the supply-demand relationship of NSC between female bamboos and new bamboos at different developmental stages.Results showed that the reproduction rate of hard-headed yellow bamboo varied across treatments,with treatmentⅠ＞treatmentⅡ＞CK.Conversely,bamboo formation rate and new bamboo biomass were higher in CK＞treatmentⅡ＞treatmentⅠ,demonstrating significant differences between treatment Ⅰ and CK,and treatment Ⅱ(P＜0.05),with no significant differences observed between CK and treatment Ⅱ.New bamboos originating from 1-year-old parent bamboos in different treatments exhibited the largest diameter at breast height,with their shoots,bamboo formation,and biomass accounting for over 90%of the total.During the rapid growth phase from shoot sprouting to growth cessation,NSC content in new bamboo generally increased initially before decreasing,peaking during rapid internode growth.NSC content in all organs of mother bamboo decreased gradually with age,with branches,leaves,culms,and roots of treatment Ⅰmother bamboo decreasing by 49.70%,54.05%,39.85%,and 60.86%,respectively,which were higher than those in treatmentⅡ's 1-year-old and 2-year-old female bamboos,with non-significant differences observed between the decreases of each organ in treatmentⅡ's 1-year-old and 2-year-old female bamboos.Correlation analysis indicated significant positive correlations between starch content in leaves,roots,and culms of treatmentⅠmother bamboo and NSC content,as well as between starch content in leaves,roots,and branches of 1-year-old mother bamboo and roots and culms of 2-year-old mother bamboo in treatmentⅡ(P＜0.05).In harvesting operations of hard-headed yellow bamboos,removing female bamboos aged 3 years and older while retaining 1-and 2-year-old female bamboos effectively enhanced bamboo forest productivity and reproductive capacity.Different harvesting treatments significantly influenced NSC transfer from parent bamboo to new bamboo.Specifically,when only 1-year-old mother bamboo was present,starch transfer to new bamboo primarily involved leaves,culms,and roots.When 1-and 2-year-old mother bamboos were present together,starch transfer involved branches,leaves,and roots of 1-year-old mother bamboo,with additional NSC transport from 2-year-old mother bamboo to new bamboo originating from 1-year-old mother bamboo.Thus,retaining 1-and 2-year-old mother bamboos during harvesting and management of hard-headed yellow bamboo forests is crucial to ensure sufficient nutrient supply during the rapid growth phase of new bamboos.
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