摘要
[目的]红壤铝毒是限制作物生长的主要因素,畜禽粪便等有机物料作为改善土壤酸度和推动国家化肥零增长行动计划的重要途径之一,其对铝毒胁迫下作物生长及光合荧光特性的影响及其机理研究具有重要意义.[方法]利用盆栽试验,探究不施畜禽粪便(CK)、施用猪粪 10 g·kg-1(P10)、猪粪 30 g·kg-1(P30)、猪粪 50 g·kg-1(P50)、鸡粪 10 g·kg-1(C10)、鸡粪 30 g·kg-1(C30)、鸡粪 50 g·kg-1(C50)、鸡粪猪粪各 15 g·kg-1(PC15)等 8个处理对酸性土壤铝毒胁迫下油菜(Brassica napus L.)生物量、光合作用参数和叶绿素荧光特性的影响.[结果]在土壤铝毒胁迫下,不同畜禽粪便处理均促进了油菜幼苗地上部生物量、光合色素含量、光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性,在第 80天各处理均显著大于对照组(P＜0.05),表明畜禽粪便有效缓解红壤铝胁迫对油菜幼苗生长的毒害作用.施用等量鸡粪处理比猪粪更有利于促进油菜幼苗地上部生物量、光合色素含量,但对光合作用参数、Fv/Fm值和qP的促进作用较弱,而且鸡粪、猪粪混施处理光合色素含量、光合参数Tr、Gs、Ci、qN均大于单施处理(P＜0.05),说明高pH值的鸡粪更利于促进油菜生长,而高养分含量的猪粪更利于促进油菜光合荧光特性.[结论]猪粪施用量 50 g·kg-1 对油菜生长及光合荧光特性的铝毒胁迫缓解作用最佳,而鸡粪最佳施用量为 30 g·kg-1.就油菜幼苗生长和光合荧光特性而言,畜禽粪便种类筛选、最佳用量确定并结合土壤酸度调控对缓解红壤铝毒至关重要.
Abstract
[Objectives]Effects of applying organic manure on the growth and photosynthesis of plants cultivated on acid red soil contaminated by aluminum were studied.[Methods]In a pot experiment,aluminum-laden acid red soil was used as control(CK)or blended with either pig manure at the rate of 10 g·kg-1(P10),30 g·kg-1(P30),or 50 g·kg-1(P50),chicken manure at 10 g·kg-1(C10),30 g·kg-1(C30),or 50 g·kg-1(C50),or pig and chicken manures at 15 g·kg-1 each(PC15).Biomass and photosynthetic properties including chlorophyll fluorescence indexes of Brassica napus L.seedlings grown in the pots were determined.[Results]Application of the organic manure in the soil significant improved the aboveground biomass,photosynthetic pigment content,and chlorophyll fluorescence indexes of the seedlings over CK(P＜0.05).In 80 d after the treatments,these indicators were higher than CK indicating the heavy metal toxicity in the soil had been gradually alleviated by chelation.At a same application rate,chicken manure rendered a greater effect than pig manure on the increases of aboveground biomass and photosynthetic pigment but less on the photosynthetic parameters,Fv/Fmand qP,while the combination of chicken and pig manures performed superior to either chicken or pig manure alone on the photosynthetic pigment content,Tr,Gs,Ci,and qN(P＜0.05).It appeared that the alkaline chicken manure benefited the growth more and that the nutrient-rich pig manure did the photosynthesis more for the seedlings.[Conclusions]To effectively mitigate the aluminum stress on B.napus L.seedlings grown in an acid red soil,an application of pig manure at 50 g·kg-1,and chicken manure at 30 g·kg-1 with appropriate adjustments according to the actual field conditions was recommended.
基金项目
国家自然科学基金(51709183)
中国博士后科学基金(2017M611862)
福建省科技计划公益类专项(2020R1025001)
福建省农科院项目(YC2019007)
福建省农科院项目(ZYTS2019016)
福建省农科院项目(ZYTS202218)
福建省农科院项目(CXPT202106)
福建省农科院项目(CXTD2021012-2)
福建省农科院项目(DEC2019-05)
福建省农科院项目(DWHZ-2022-11)
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
维普
万方数据