摘要
目的 观察雌性大鼠去卵巢术后4、8、12周股骨骨质量和骨骼肌形态及功能的变化情况,从而探讨"筋骨并重"理论的内涵.方法 将36只3月龄SD雌性大鼠随机分为假手术组和去卵巢组各18只,去卵巢组切除双侧卵巢,假手术组切除卵巢周围与卵巢同等大小的脂肪组织.于术后4、8、12周各取6只,测定大鼠前肢抓力后,称量大鼠体质量,麻醉处死后取双侧腓肠肌称重并计算腓肠肌湿重比;HE染色观察腓肠肌纤维和股骨形态,并计算单位视野内骨小梁面积比;小动物X光机测定右侧股骨骨密度;力学三点弯曲实验检测右侧股骨最大载荷.结果 与术后4周比较,假手术组术后8周前肢抓力、股骨骨密度、股骨最大载荷明显提高(P＜0.05),术后12周前肢抓力、体质量、腓肠肌湿重、股骨骨密度、股骨最大载荷明显提高(P＜0.05);去卵巢组术后8周前肢抓力、体质量、股骨最大载荷明显提高(P＜0.05),腓肠肌湿重比明显降低(P＜0.05),术后12周前肢抓力、股骨最大载荷明显提高(P＜0.05),腓肠肌湿重比、股骨骨密度、股骨骨小梁面积比明显降低(P＜0.05).与术后8周比较,假手术组术后12周前肢抓力、腓肠肌湿重、股骨骨密度、股骨最大载荷明显提高(P＜0.05);去卵巢组术后12周前肢抓力明显提高(P＜0.05),腓肠肌湿重、股骨骨密度、股骨最大载荷、骨小梁面积比明显降低(P＜0.05).与假手术组比较,去卵巢组术后8周体质量明显增加(P＜0.05),腓肠肌湿重比明显降低(P＜0.05);术后12周前肢抓力、腓肠肌湿重、腓肠肌湿重比、股骨骨密度、股骨最大载荷、股骨骨小梁面积比明显降低(P＜0.05).HE结果显示,术后8、12周去卵巢组大鼠腓肠肌细胞间距变宽且肌纤维间距增宽;术后12周去卵巢组股骨髁骨小梁稀疏、变细,间隙变宽,且部分骨小梁出现断裂、不连续等.结论 卵巢切除后大鼠骨质量和骨骼肌形态、功能均发生不同程度退变,且肌肉退变早于骨骼,从实验角度探讨"筋骨并重"理论的科学内涵.
Abstract
Objective:To observe the morphological and functional changes in femoral bone quality and skeletal muscle of fe-male rats after ovariectomy at 4,8,and 12 weeks,and to explore the connotation of the"equal emphasis on bones and muscles"theory.Methods:A total of thirty-six 3-month-old female SD rats were randomly divided into sham surgery group and ovariectomy group,with 18 rats in each group.The ovariectomy group had bilateral ovaries removed,while the sham surgery group had adipose tissue re-moved of the same size as the ovaries.Six rats were selected from each group at 4,8,and 12 weeks postoperatively for measurement of the forelimb grip and weighing.After anesthesia execution,the bilateral gastrocnemius muscles were weighed and the gastrocne-mius muscle wet weight ratio was calculated.HE staining was used to observe the morphology of gastrocnemius muscle fibers and bone,and the area ratio of bone trabeculae per unit field of view was calculated;small animal X-ray machine was used to measure the bone density of the right femur;mechanical three-point bending experiment was used to detect the maximum load on the right femur.Results:Compared with the 4th week post-operation,the sham surgery group showed a significant increase in forelimb grip,femoral bone density,and maximum femoral load on the 8th week post-operation(P<0.05),and a significant increase in forelimb grip,body weight,gastrocnemius muscle wet weight,femoral bone density,and maximum femoral load on the 12th week post-operation(P<0.05).Compared with the 4th week post-operation,the forelimb grip,body weight,and maximum femoral load in the ovariectomy group significantly increased on the 8th week post-operation(P<0.05),while the wet weight ratio of the gastrocnemius muscle signifi-cantly reduced(P<0.05);the forelimb grip and maximum femoral load significantly increased on the 12th week post-operation(P<0.05),while the wet weight ratio of the gastrocnemius muscle,femoral bone density,and trabecular area ratio of the femur significantly reduced(P<0.05).Compared with the 8th week post-operation,the sham surgery group showed a significant increase in forelimb grip,gastrocnemius muscle wet weight,femoral bone density,and maximum femoral load on the 12th week post-operation(P<0.05);the ovariectomy group showed a significant increase in forelimb grip,and a significant decrease in gastrocnemius muscle wet weight,fem-oral bone density,maximum femoral load,and trabecular area ratio of the femur on the 12th week post-operation(P<0.05).Compared with the sham surgery group,the ovariectomy group showed a significant increase in body weight on the 8th week post-operation(P<0.05),and a significant decrease in the wet weight ratio of the gastrocnemius muscle(P<0.05);the forelimb grip,gastrocnemius mus-cle wet weight,wet weight ratio of the gastrocnemius muscle,femoral bone density,maximum femoral load,and trabecular area ratio of the femur significantly reduced on the 12th week post-operation(P<0.05).The HE results showed that the distance between gastroc-nemius muscle cells and muscle fibers widened in the ovariectomy group of rats on the 8th and 12th week post-operation;on the 12th week post-operation,the femoral condyle trabeculae in the ovariectomy group became sparse and thinner,with widened gaps,and some trabeculae appeared to be broken or discontinuous.Conclusion:The bone quality and skeletal muscle morphology and function of rats undergo varying degrees of degeneration after ovariectomy,and muscle degeneration occurs earlier than bone.This study ex-plores the scientific connotation of the"equal emphasis on muscles and bones"theory from an experimental perspective.
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