The localized corrosion of titanium alloys and protective measures
Titanium alloys are widely used in fields such as chemical,aerospace,and maritime industries due to their advantages of high strength,low density,and excellent corrosion resistance.However,the passivation char-acteristics of titanium alloys make them susceptible to localized corrosion in certain corrosive environments,es-pecially those containing halide ions.Localized corrosion is often difficult to detect but can have strong penetra-tive effects,leading to perforation or fracture of material components,resulting in leaks or even more severe ac-cidents.However,there is a lack of systematic introduction to protective measures against different types of lo-calized corrosion in existing literature.This article provides a detailed description of the main forms of localized corrosion in titanium alloys and their corresponding corrosion mechanisms,including pitting corrosion,galvanic corrosion,crevice corrosion,stress corrosion cracking,and hydrogen-induced cracking.The influence of titanium alloy composition,concentration and types of ions in the corrosive medium,as well as temperature and pressure in the service environment,on the localized corrosion of titanium alloys,is discussed.In addition,various pro-tective measures against failure caused by localized corrosion in titanium alloys are outlined,including alloying,surface modification techniques,and heat treatment processes.Furthermore,shortcomings in existing protective measures are identified,and future research directions for understanding the mechanisms of localized corrosion in titanium alloys and developing protective methods are discussed.
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