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供卡人掐卡、取款的行为性质

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在供卡人将银行卡提供给实际用卡人正常使用(用卡人不利用银行卡实施违法犯罪行为)的情形下,供卡人以非法占有为目的,违反用卡人的意志挂失旧卡补办新卡(掐卡)的行为,成立盗窃罪;即使没有取款也成立盗窃罪的既遂,盗窃对象是"可以随时取款或转账"这一财产性利益.在供卡人将银行卡提供给用卡人用于电信诈骗(非共同犯罪)等场合,供卡人违反用卡人意志实施的掐卡行为,虽然符合财产罪的构成要件,但由于提高了电信诈骗被害人挽回财产损失的可能性,存在违法性阻却事由,不应当作为财产罪处理.供卡人掐卡后以非法占有为目的的取款行为构成财产罪;该取款行为并非盗窃了电信诈骗犯的财产(不是所谓"黑吃黑"),而是侵害了银行管理者对现金的占有与所有,因而应根据取款行为的性质分别认定为盗窃罪与诈骗罪.
In the case that a card provider provides the bank card to an actual card user for normal use,that is,the card user does not use the bank card to carry out illegal criminal activities,while the card provider with the purpose of illegal posses-sion,against the will of the card user,reports the loss of the old card and replaces it with a new card(hereinafter referring to as"cutting off the card"),the nature of the card provider's conduct shall establish the crime of theft.Even if there is no with-drawal of money from the bank card,the card provider shall complete the crime of theft,and the object of theft is the proprie-tary interests that money can be withdrawn or transferred from this bank card at any time.In the case that a card provider pro-vides the bank card to an actual user for telecom fraud(non-joint offenders)and other crimes,if the card provider against the will of the card user cuts off the card,the nature of the card provider's conduct shall not be treated as a property crime,even though this cutting off conduct is in line with constituent elements of the property crime,but it is also improving the possibility of victims to recover their property losses of such telecom fraud,so there is legitimate offense to prevent the illegality of this conduct.In the case that a card provider cuts off the card,then withdraws money from this bank card with the purpose of ille-gal possession,the nature of the card provider's conduct shall establish relevant property crime.The nature of conduct of withdrawing money for the bank card does not infringe the property of the telecom fraudster(not the so-called"black eat black"),but do infringe the possession and ownership of the money in cash registered within the bank card which is under the bank management,so it should be identified as the crime of theft or the crime of fraud according to the nature of the withdra-wing conduct.

Cutting off the CardWithdrawing ConductThe Object of ConductThe Crime of MisappropriationThe Crime of TheftThe Crime of Fraud

张明楷

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清华大学

掐卡行为 取款行为 行为对象 侵占罪 盗窃罪 诈骗罪

2024

法学评论
武汉大学

法学评论

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:2.308
ISSN:1004-1303
年,卷(期):2024.42(1)
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