Research progress in nanofiber-based biosensors based on surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Significance Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)sensors are usually constructed from active elements and substrate materials,which have the advantages of simple operation and rapid monitoring.Electrospun nanofibers have unique three-dimensional curved channel,large specific surface area,high porosity and controllable stacking density.It not only provides a large number of sites for the loading of nanoparticles,but also facilitates the capture and transport of molecules to be tested,thereby enhancing SERS signals and improving detection sensitivity.Compared with the rigid detection substrate,the flexible substrate represented by electrospinning nanofibers can provide a more flexible detection process in complex environments,so it has great application potential.In order to promote the development and application of nanofiber-based SERS sensors in the biomedical field,it is important to explore the factors that affect the SERS sensing performance of nanofibers.Progress The composition and performance evaluation index of nanofiber-based SERS substrate,the construction method of nanofiber substrate,and its performance influencing factors are introduced.By summarizing the construction methods of nanofiber-based SERS substrates,two strategies of in-situ assembly and post-assembly of nanofibers and plasma materials are described.The SERS substrate prepared by in-situ assembly has good stability because most of the nanoparticles exist inside the fibers,but the detection sensitivity is slightly poor.The SERS substrate prepared by post-assembly is more easily combined with the molecule to be tested because the nanoparticles are distributed on the surface of the fiber,and the sensitivity is higher.The mechanism of the influence of the type and morphology of the nanofibers on the flexible SERS sensing performance was further explored.The difference in the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the fibers and their morphology will affect the interaction with the nanoparticles and the molecules to be tested,thereby affecting the detection performance of the substrate.Finally,the application of nanofiber-based SERS substrate in the biomedical field is demonstrated,including for body fluid testing,determining the patient's health status and diagnosing related diseases,and in situ detection of bacteria.Conclusion and Prospect Due to the limitations of rigid substrates in use,the research on flexible SERS substrates is increasing.Among them,nanofiber-based flexible SERS substrates with a three-dimensional network structure have great application prospects in real life.At present,much research effort was made on nanofiber-based flexible SERS substrate,but the development and application in the biomedical field are still insufficient.The complex physiological environment of the human body puts forward high requirements for the detection performance of SERS substrate.SERS substrate needs to have good anti-interference performance and stability on the premise of ensuring sensitivity.By revealing the performance influence mechanism of nanofiber-based SERS substrate and according to the performance requirements of SERS sensors in the biomedical field,the future development trend of nanofiber-based SERS substrate is prospected,with a view to providing some reference for how to prepare high-performance nanofiber-based flexible SERS substrate and broaden its practical application.It is hoped that nanofiber-based SERS substrates would be widely applied for human health life monitoring and disease diagnosis in vitro and in vivo.
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