Preparation and application of durable and multifunctional photothermal flame retardant fabrics
Objective In order to maintain human body temperature in harsh cold environments,there is a need for green and safe photothermal conversion textiles to convert renewable free solar energy into heat to obtain safe and efficient personal heating materials for human body heat management.At the same time,there is also a need for fire retardant properties in order to prevent fire emergencies during the photothermal conversion process.Therefore,it is of great practical importance to prepare photothermal flame retardant fabrics that can be used for long-term service.Method Herein,to prepare multifunctional photothermal flame retardant fabrics that can be self-heated during daytime and have excellent fire resistance,polydopamine(PDA)-assisted aramid(PSA)nonwoven fabrics were used as hydrophilic substrates,Fe3O4 as the photothermal functional material and ammonium polyphosphate(APP)as the flame retardant functional material.The multifunctional flame retardant photothermal fabric obtained by wrapping the Fe3O4 microspheres prepared by co-precipitation method with the help of viscous ammonium polyphosphate APP with a functional coating using simple impregnation.The structure and properties of the flame retardant photothermal fabric were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,time-temperature curves and ignition experiments,and the durability of the flame retardant photothermal fabric was characterized by observing the fabric morphology before and after placement in acid and alkali solutions.Results After the PDA treatment,the fabric surface became rougher,providing more active sites and allowing Fe3O4 and APP to be fully loaded on the fabric surface.The characteristic peaks belonging to PDA are still present in addition to those of Fe3O4,indicating that Fe3O4 does not change the original structure of the PSA nonwoven fabric.The temperature change of PSA/PDA fabric and PSA/Fe3O4/APP fabric within 720 s of IR light irradiation.It can be seen that compared to the dopamine treated fabric which warmed up to 49.2 ℃,the PSA/Fe3O4/APP fabric can rise from 27 ℃ to 63.2,C in the same period,indicating that the PSA/Fe3O4/APP fabric had excellent photothermal.It showed that PSA/Fe3O4/APP fabric has excellent photothermal conversion ability and Fe3O4 played a major positive role in photothermal conversion.The temperature change of the PSA/Fe3O4/APP fabric over five cycles,demonstrating the recyclability of the fabric's photothermal response,which would help extend the practical application of self-heating garments.A digital image of the fabric during simulated vertical combustion showed that the fabric was not easily ignited and was self-extinguishing after leaving the fire source.The SEM image of the PSA/Fe3O4/APP fabric after combustion clearly showed the fibre and charcoal layer structure,indicating that the functional coating formed by Fe3O4 and APP established a physical barrier that isolated heat and oxygen,effectively inhibiting further combustion of the fabric.The fabric did not significantly change the colour in different acid and alkali solutions,indicating that the PSA/Fe3O4/APP fabric has excellent durability and resistance to oxidation.Conclusion Overall,the photothermal flame retardant fabric combined the excellent photothermal properties of Fe3O4 with the flame retardant properties of APP while maintaining the good flexibility of the fabric,which can heat up to over 60 ℃ in daytime,was difficult to ignite when first encountered with flame,and the fabric was self-extinguishing after 12 s away from the fire source,and the fabric still maintained good form in acidic and alkaline environments.This lightweight,soft,durable and versatile photothermal flame retardant fabric showed its potential application in harsh environments as a smart wearable,self-heating garment.
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