Structural regulation and biomedical applications of polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers
Significance Poly vinylidene fluoride(PVDF)possess excellent electrical properties,which is currently one of the strongest piezoelectric polymers discovered.Among various preparation methods of PVDF piezoelectric nanofibers,PVDF nanofibers prepared by electrospinning have more advantages,including large specific surface area,high porosity,good biocompatibility and better piezoelectric property,etc.In addition,the structure of electrospun nanofibers is similar to that of extracellular matrix,which is beneficial for promoting cell proliferation and differentiation.At present,there have been numerous reports on the application of electrospun PVDF piezoelectric nanofibers in biomedical fields such as wound dressings,drug carriers,and tissue engineering,proving their enormous potential in biomedical applications.Progress In this paper,the piezoelectric characteristics of PVDF were analyzed.four types of electrospun PVDF nanofibers,consisting of random type,oriented type,hollow type,and patterned type were introduced and their process methods,structures,properties,and preparation principles were analyzed.The influence of the doping of fillers such as graphene,zinc oxide,barium carbonate,carbon nanotubes,etc and the creation of multi-layer composite structures on the structure and piezoelectric property of electrospun PVDF nanofibers were described.The results showed that these doped materials not only changed the original morphology of PVDF nanofibers,but also significantly improved their piezoelectric property.The multilayered composite structure nanofibers created by combining electrospinning PVDF fibers with nanofibers generated by another method(such as vapor phase polymerization,point spraying and extended flow method)exhibited higher voltage output.Because of outstanding biocompatibility and piezoelectricity,electrospun PVDF nanofibers are widely used in biomedical fields such as wound dressings,drug carriers and tissue engineering.It could be demonstrated that PVDF based piezoelectric scaffolds presented excellent piezoelectric performance,which were able to provide piezoelectric signals similar to the internal electric field of the human body and generate sufficient piezoelectric output to stimulate cell differentiation and proliferation,thereby promoting tissue formation and bone growth.Moreover,PVDF electrospun nanofibers were used as a drug carrier to targeted therapy of the lesion site to achieve sustained drug release.Conclusion and Prospect The PVDF nanofibers prepared by electrospinning technology with high specific surface area,high porosity,good biocompatibility and excellent piezoelectric property can output enough voltage to promote cell proliferation and differentiation,which is conducive to their application in the biomedical field.The current methods used to improve electrospun PVDF based nanofibers mainly focus on structural design and filler doping.Structural changes will face the challenge of reducing mechanical strength,and the addition of fillers may bring biocompatibility and uniformity issues.On the one hand,it is necessary to explore more effective structures and additives to improve the mechanical,piezoelectric and other comprehensive properties of PVDF nanofibers while ensuring that they are non-toxic to the human body in future research.On the other hand,structural design can be combined with filler doping to prepare PVDF composites with better performance.
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