Research progress in technetium-99m labeled radioactive probes for PD-L1 imaging
Immune checkpoint inhibitors that target the programmed death receptor(PD-1)and its ligand(PD-L1)pathway have emerged as a promising strategy for cancer therapy.The expression level of PD-L1 in tumors is strongly correlated with the effectiveness of this form of immunotherapy.Clinically,PD-L1 expression is typically evaluated through immunohistochemistry,an invasive technique that has significant limitations due to the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression within tumor tissues.Consequently,this method may not provide a comprehensive assessment of PD-L1 expression.In contrast,molecular imaging techniques in nuclear medicine offer a non-invasive,real-time,and dynamic means of visualizing PD-L1 expression.Technetium-99m is the most commonly used radionuclide for single-photon emission computed tomography(SPECT)imaging,as it is inexpensive,easily available,and possesses suitable energy and half-life characteristics.SPECT is the most frequently employed imaging modality in nuclear medicine globally.Accordingly,technetium-99m-labeled molecular probes targeting PD-L1 hold significant potential for widespread clinical application.This review aims to summarize current advancements in the development of technetium-99m-labeled molecular probes for PD-L1 to guide future efforts to identify novel probes for SPECT imaging of PD-L1.
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