The clinical application value of BCAT1 as a potential diagnostic biomarker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Objective To verify the clinical application value of BCAT1,the expression product of the bcat1 gene,as a potential serum diagnostic biomarker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC).Method Serum samples were collected from PDAC patients as the experimental group,and from patients with gastric cancer,liver cancer,colorectal cancer,chronic pancreatitis,and healthy individuals as the con-trol group.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the concentration of BCAT1 in the serum samples to verify its clinical diagnostic value as a biomarker.Results ELISA results indicated that the serum BCAT1 concentration in patients with PDAC was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05,U=1 206).The serum BCAT1 concentration in the PDAC group was higher than in the chronic pancreatitis group,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05,H=33.80).Compared to other gastrointestinal tumors,it was higher than in the liver cancer group and colorectal cancer group,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05,H=33.80),but there was no statis-tically significant difference compared to the gastric cancer group(P>0.05,H=33.80).BCAT1 had a relative-ly good correlation with CA19-9,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05,R2=0.080 52),and lower correlations with CEA(R2=2.265e-005),CA125(R2=0.025 88),and CA72-4(R2=0.007 7),without statisti-cally significant differences(P>0.05).The diagnostic AUC of BCAT1 for PDAC was better than that of CA72-4,comparable to CA125 and CEA,but inferior to CA19-9.The BCAT1 cut-off value was 1.556 ng/mL,with a sensitivity of 64.1%and a specificity of 80%.The median serum concentration of BCAT1 in early to mid-stage PDAC patients was 0.283 ng/mL,which increased to 0.482 ng/mL in late-stage patients,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05,U=1029).In tumors≥40 mm(U=641),moderate to poor differentiation(U=435),and pancreatic head location(H=2.767),the expression level was increased,but the difference was not statistically significant(both P>0.05).Dynamic observations of BCAT1 concentration showed statisti-cally significant differences between day 0 and days 1 to 30(U=44),as well as between days 31 to 60 and days 61 to 90(U=36),with the differences being statistically significant(both P<0.05).Conclusion BCAT1,as a potential serum biomarker,holds reference value for the differential diagnosis of PDAC,tumor staging,and disease progression assessment.It is a valuable addition to the current PDAC serum biomarkers.
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