Oral bacterial infection in orthodontic patients and its impact on serum and gingival crevicular fluid PAK5,IL-6,and IL-8 levels
Objective To analyze the oral bacterial infection status in orthodontic patients and its effects on p2l activated kinase(PAK5),interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-8(IL-8)in serum and gingival crevicular fluid.Methods The clinical data of 446 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment at the Depart-ment of Stomatology at Liaocheng Fourth People's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed from December 2020 to December 2022.The oral infection status of patients after one week of treatment was assessed,and they were divided into an infection group and a non-infection group based on their infection status.Pathogenic bacteria causing oral infections in the infected group were isolated,cultured,and analyzed for distribution,as well as tested for drug sensitivity.Levels of IL-6,IL-8,and PAK5 in gingival crevicular fluid and serum were compared between the two groups before treatment and after one week of treatment.ROC curves were generat-ed to assess the effectiveness of IL-6,IL-8,and PAK5 in predicting oral infections based on their levels in gin-gival crevicular fluid and serum.Results Among the 446 enrolled patients,45 cases were infected,resulting in an infection rate of 10.09%.A total of 83 strains of pathogenic bacteria were cultured and isolated,with 3 patients identified as having dual infections with two strains of pathogenic bacteria.Of these strains,38 strains were Gram-positive bacteria,accounting for 45.78%,while 45 strains were Gram-negative bacteria.account-ing for 54.22%.The most common pathogenic bacteria identified were Klebsiella pneumoniae,Staphylococcus epidermidis and Porphyromonas gingivalis.The highest resistance rate among Gram-positive bacteria was to penicillin,while among Gram-negative bacteria,it was to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid.Prior to orthodontic treatment,there were no statistically significant differences in the levels of IL-6,IL-8,and PAK5 in gingival crevicular fluid and serum between the two groups(P>0.05).After one week of treatment,levels of IL-6,IL-8,and PAK5 in both the gingival crevicular fluid and serum of both groups increased significantly compared to be-fore treatment(P<0.05).Furthermore,levels in the infection group were higher than those in the non-infec-tion group(P<0.05).ROC curves showed that IL-6,IL-8,and PAK5 in gingival crevicular fluid and serum after treatment were effective indicators for predicting oral infection following orthodontic treatment(P<0.05).Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria account for a higher proportion of pathogenic bacteria in oral infections among orthodontic patients.Monitoring levels of IL-6,IL-8,and PAK5 in gingival crevicular fluid and serum during the early stages of treatment can help assess the risk of oral infections in orthodontic patients.
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