Advantages and clinical applications of nanoantibodies in vitro and in vivo diagnosis and therapy
Nanoantibodies(nanobodies,Nbs),the smallest known antibodies that can specifically bind to antigens,have rapidly developed in the medical field in recent years.Compared to conventional mono-clonal antibody preparations nano antibodies have a simple structure,high stability,and can retain their ability to bind to antigens under extreme conditions.Additionally,they have high water solubility,strong penetra-tion,weak immunogenicity,low rejection rates,and can be mass-produced,making them suitable for large-scale clinical applications.This review will summarize the biological properties and structural characteristics of nanoantibodies,clarify their diagnostic functions in detecting small molecules,pathogens,and cancers,dis-cuss their therapeutic applications in treating infections and tumors,and explore the future development of nanoantibodies.
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