摘要
作为目前已知的能与抗原发生特异性结合的最小抗体,纳米抗体(nanobody,Nb)近年来在医学领域的发展非常迅速.相对于常规单克隆抗体制备繁琐、成本高、运输保存条件苛刻而言,纳米抗体结构简单、稳定性极高,在极端的条件下仍然保留与抗原结合的特性,同时其具备水溶性高、穿透力强、免疫原性弱、排斥反应小、可以进行批量生产等优势,使得其被大规模应用于临床.本综述将归纳纳米抗体的生物学性能和结构特征,阐明其在小分子、病原体和癌症等方面的诊断功能以及感染和肿瘤等治疗上的应用,并对未来纳米抗体的发展进行展望.
Abstract
Nanoantibodies(nanobodies,Nbs),the smallest known antibodies that can specifically bind to antigens,have rapidly developed in the medical field in recent years.Compared to conventional mono-clonal antibody preparations nano antibodies have a simple structure,high stability,and can retain their ability to bind to antigens under extreme conditions.Additionally,they have high water solubility,strong penetra-tion,weak immunogenicity,low rejection rates,and can be mass-produced,making them suitable for large-scale clinical applications.This review will summarize the biological properties and structural characteristics of nanoantibodies,clarify their diagnostic functions in detecting small molecules,pathogens,and cancers,dis-cuss their therapeutic applications in treating infections and tumors,and explore the future development of nanoantibodies.
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