The implementation of the technical specification for forensic identification of electronic hand-written signatures in 2023 has highlighted the urgent practical need for the research of electronic hand-written signatures.The effects of surface friction from various writing devices on the features of electronic handwritten signatures are clarified,which can provide practical basis for judicial appraisal.By using the chi-square test,the electronic handwritten signatures on three types of writing surfaces including paper,original writing board and plastic board were analyzed.It was found that with the decrease of writing sur-face friction,the feature changes of the electronic handwritten signatures were primarily manifested as the elongation of stroke lines,the increase in the number of continuous strokes,the reduction in writing dura-tion,the increase in writing pressure,and the acceleration of writing speed.In forensic practice,it is es-sential for appraisers to carefully distinguish whether the aforementioned feature differences are essential differences caused by different writers or non-essential differences resulting from varying friction on the writing surface,so as to improve the accuracy and reliability of appraisal opinions.
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