The number of fatal traffic accidents at rural highway accesses has been running at a high lev-el,and the traffic safety situation remains not optimistic.Firstly,based on the analysis of traffic accidents at rural highway accesses in a certain area of Nanjing City,the key factors affecting traffic safety at rural highway accesses are identified by using grey theory.Seven key factors are addressed,including insuffi-cient sight distance,excessive road gradient,insufficient turning radius,overly dense junctions,insuffi-cient lighting,inadequate speed control,and traffic safety facility issues,to clarify the focus of safety hazard investigation at rural highway accesses.Then,combining with the actual cases,targeted measures for hazard management are proposed.Finally,starting from the three aspects of hazard investigation,haz-ard Management,and post-management accident improvement,the Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to construct a"3+5"assessment index system for traffic safety hazard investigation and management at ru-ral highway accesses,and the practicality of the assessment system is demonstrated with actual cases,providing a theoretical basis for the scientific and systematic conduct of traffic safety hazard investigation and management at rural highway accesses.